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Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Ethics

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on ethics. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality ethics paper right on time.


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What are ethics? Everyone has a sense of what ethics are, but pinning it down in a clear definition is not easy. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines ethics as "a discipline dealing with good and evil and with moral duty." It includes questions like "What is the right thing to do?" "Is lying ever okay?" "Is it better to do this or that?" There are two common systems of thought regarding ethics. One is absolutism, and the other is relativism.


Cultural relativism is the belief that right and wrong vary from one society to another and from one time to another. In practice, it is the belief that what is right for one person is not necessarily right for another person. The cultural relativist observes that some things that are considered wrong today in America, such as slavery, were not always considered wrong in America and are not always considered wrong in other societies today. In Arab countries, it is considered wrong for a woman to be out in public with her head uncovered, but elsewhere in the world it is acceptable and even the norm. From this they conceive that right and wrong must be relative, and that absolute right and wrong do not exist.


Absolutism, on the other hand, believes that right and wrong are based on a truth that doesnt vary. The absolutist believes that what is right or wrong is always right or wrong whether or not a society recognizes it as such at the time. Absolutism is often founded in religious faith, believing that the truth of right and wrong comes from God, such as is found in the Ten Commandments. The absolutist views ethics much like the scientist views nature, that there is a truth out there waiting to be discovered and explained, and once explained everything else falls into place. For example, when an absolutist believes that life begins at conception, it becomes obvious to him or her that abortion is the taking of a human life and is, therefore, wrong.


These two opposing views can be seen clearly in American history.


During the founding of America, absolutists clearly held sway. The Puritans had a clearly absolutist view stemming from their firm belief in the Bible. Many of the writers of the Constitution also firmly believed in an absolute standard for right and wrong. John Adams once wrote, "We have no government armed with power capable of contending with human passions unbridled by morality and religion. Avarice, ambition, revenge or gallantry would break the strongest cords of our Constitution as a whale goes through a net. Our Constitution is designed only for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate for any other." This view predominated in American society until fairly recently. There were several factors in the late 1800s that precipitated a change. The realization that slavery is wrong despite its seeming acceptance in the Bible, the increase in communication due to the telephone, the transcontinental railroad, and improved postal service, the introduction of Darwinism, and even the introduction of Nietsches philosophy of existentialism that claimed "God is dead," all contributed to the changing ethical climate of the time. In recent years, the predominant view has become one of cultural relativism. In American society today, it is considered unacceptable and intolerant to hold to absolutist views. Our society as a whole, tends to believe that it is wrong for a person to try to change the moral standards of someone else. All beliefs should be accepted as valid, although in trying to do so, the relativist becomes intolerant of absolutist views, which is an area where cultural relativism breaks down. The widespread propagation of anti-discrimination laws is another area that shows our societys trend toward cultural relativism. Many of those protected by recent laws were not accepted or treated fairly in the recent past.


In conclusion, the two main ethical frameworks, absolutism and relativism, have both been observed in American society. Whether these changes are considered good or bad will depend, to a large degree, on the framework of the individual. Both absolutism and relativism have been around a long time, and neither one will be disappearing any time soon. Perhaps, the collision of these two viewpoints will cause people to think about the good points of each, and find a third alternative, a new and better common ground.


Please note that this sample paper on ethics is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ethics, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on ethics will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Positivist theory

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Positivist theory. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Positivist theory paper right on time.


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In this essay I will apply the positivist theory to the R. v. Williams [18]1 S.C.R. 118 case. Theory is the frame work that determines and defines the state of affairs within which certain phenomena will be analyzed, criticized and synthesized. This frame work functions as a paradigm that determines the set of legitimate questions to be asked and signifies the direction towards probable answers to these questions.


Positivism is defined by The Oxford Reference Dictionary as "the theory that laws are to be understood as social rules, valid because they are enacted by 'the sovereign or derive logically from the existing decisions, and that ideal or moral considerations (e.g., that rule is unjust) should limit the scope or operation of the law." The positivist are not concerned about the morality of law. If there was morality in the law there wouldnt be a consistent application of law. The issue is not if law can be morally evaluated or not, they are concerned about the mechanics of law. They say we dont need morality, trust who ever is elected and their morality, and government is everything because you elected them.


The natural law theory is in conflict with positivism, because in natural law theory an unjust law is not a valid law. "The essence of the natural law perspective is lex iniusta non est lex an unjust low is no law at all." If you cant detect morality in law, that means its invalid. It has a longer history then positivism. "Until the twentieth century, natural law theory was generally conceived to be based upon Christian theology or Judeo-Christian values."


Legal realism began in the U.S.A. at the beginning of the 1st Century. They argue that in order to understand the legal process the person must be aware of the political, social and economic context which law brings up and changes. They see the background of the judge will reflect to the decisions they make and to the growth of the statutory law. Legal realism provides the tools for law, for better interpretation of law. Before judging they would try to find what is behind that law and what was intended by it. Do my essay on Positivist theory CHEAP !


Critical Legal perspective arose in law schools of U.S. in late 170s. "They were simply seeking to locate those people working either at law schools or in closely related academic settings with a certain vaguely perceived, general political or cultural predisposition…" Like legal realist did in 10s this approach got the attention of law teachers and the social scientists.


Please note that this sample paper on Positivist theory is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Positivist theory, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Positivist theory will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Stats essay

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As a Marine Reservist, anytime the United States arises in conflict with another country I become directly involved. Since the United States is building up for a war with Iraq, I have become interested on topics pertaining to this ordeal. Having already read viewpoints that deal with ethics and freedom, I decided it would be interesting to research economical debates pertaining to the conflict. As you will read in the following essay, economists who find that war will be economically devastating to our economy are also against war with Iraq. Contrasting with their viewpoints is economists who support a war against Iraq and further believe war with Iraq will help or at least not hurt our economy.


The two viewpoints on the economical debate are misleading. The dispersion of the statistics given by the economists has too much range between them. The economists are clearing trying to skew the consumer to agree with their view. The following essay supports my claim.


President George Bush and his administration have given their reasons why Saddam and his regime must be toppled, but has produced no estimates of how much money it will cost. Although, cost estimates are often ignored when war is debated, Americans must be informed on how much a war with Iraq will cost. They must also be informed on who will pay for the war and will war create an economic boom or negatively add to an already struggling U.S. economy. Help with essay on stats essay


As in past wars, such as World War II, the United States experienced an economical boom that helped the U.S. pull out of the depression. But some economists who oppose war, including last years winner of the Noble Prize for Economics Professor Joseph Stiglitz believe that a war with Iraq will harm the already struggling economy. Stiglitz explained in a recent economic debate that Iraq is the second leading producer of oil and war with Iraq would definitely hike up the cost of oil. Stiglitz further adds that if this happens, America who is the worlds largest consumer and largest importer of oil as well as the leading energy user will suffer dearly (Kwang, 00).


In addition to Stiglitz argument, economist George Perry of Brookings Institution further believes that a prolonged war (0 days or more) will be devastating to the United States. Perry estimates if the war is long, there will be a decline in world oil production of over seven million barrels per day, partially offset by a supply drawn from U.S. strategic oil reserves. Consequences of this happening may also happen if terrorism increases in the U.S. due to the war or political reaction of governments in the Middle East region. Perry further adds that if the war causes destruction to Iraq oils capacity, along with one quarter of the productive capacity of other Gulf States results could lead to an OPEC boycott that would cut oil production in the United States by 5% (Norhaus, 00). Perry believes that a boycott is economically plausible because when dealing with oil markets a producers profit go up rather than down with lower production.


Economists who are against war with Iraq deem that a quick decline in oil production will involve sharp increases in oil prices, high inflation, and major transfers of wealth from oil consumers to oil producers. This would harm the United States economy by raising the current $5 a barrel for oil to an outrageous $75 a barrel. On top of that, gasoline prices could jump to $ per gallon. Further, imported oil would rise by $00 billion per year in the U.S., and oil prices probably spark a recession (Norhaus, 00).


Further, economists are concerned with these figures because the two worst recessions of the last half-century (174-175 and 181-18) were closely associated with a constant rise in oil prices (Shapiro, 00). Being that America is the largest energy consuming country, the region will become vulnerable to these high oil prices.


In contrast, economists who support war with Iraq, such as Fred Bergsten who is the director of the Washington D.C. Institute of International Economist, believe that war would be positive for the United States and the economy. Bergsten first believes that war would eliminate the doubt of what will happen. Americans would see the results of the war and go back to their everyday business. Bergsten also adds that during the 10-11 Gulf War the U.S. released its strategic oil reserve, which in return caused oil prices to fall and help spark an economic boom. According to Bergsten, war would most likely bring Iraqi oil back to the world markets (Kwang, 00).


War supporter and economist Larry Kudlow believes that war with Iraq will play no part on the increase of oil. Kudlows article in the National Review explains that right now oil futures predict lower not higher energy cost. In his article, Kudlow explains that oil barrel price has already dropped $ from its $0 peak, and the futures believe that oil will soon cost $ a barrel. According to Kudlow, results will derive from the tax-cut effect of lower energy costs by business and consumers (Kudlow, 00). Kudlow adds that the United States and Russia have been meeting on regular bases and are discussing how the two countries can expand their oil and energy relationship (Kudlow, 00). Its also believed that the U.S. Export-Import Bank will underwrite at least $100 million in sales of U.S. equipment and services to Russian oil companies in and around Russia to develop the Caspian Sea basin which holds an estimated 0 billion barrels of oil.


Presently it is believed that Russia is assisting to the U.S. strategic petroleum reserve. The reserves inventory is estimated at 800 million barrels. This is enough to add 4 million barrels daily to world petroleum stocks. It is also believed that the U.S. government and private corporations are looking to develop petroleum interests in West Africa (Kudlow, 00).


Changing the subject from oil to the overall cost of war, economists opposed to war are worried about how much war will cost the United States. If war is prolonged, economists estimate the cost of war will be detrimental to our nations GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Not only will war with Iraq be costly for weaponry and troop movement, but also for the reconstruction of a war torn country. Some economists predict that to rebuild Iraq will cost as much as $100 billion. This is in comparison to the 10s U.S. conflict in the Balkans in which humanitarian assistance was approximated at $500 a person. The war with Afghanistan cost the U.S. $1 billion with an additional $10 billion going to humanitarian relief (Norhaus, 00). Economists who support these numbers believe that other countries wont help pay this bill. They conclude that a long drawn-out war with Iraq will cost the United States a total of $1,55 trillion dollars over a 10-year period after the war (Norhaus, 00). This includes direct military spending, peacekeeping efforts, reconstruction and nation-building, humanitarian assistance, impact on oil markets, and the macroeconomic impact.


In contrast, economists who support war conclude that a war with Iraq will cost no more than $100 billion dollars. With the U.S. GDP now at $10.6 trillion dollars a $100 billion dollar war would be roughly 0.% of national income. Economist Larry Kudlow adds, "As economic recovery gathers force (with lower tax rates kicking in over the next four years) the war-cost share of GDP will slip to virtually nil. As the stock market recovers in the years ahead, trillions of dollars of newly-created wealth will render the so-called "war cost" to a level of statistical insignificance" (Kudlow, p.1, 00).


The different viewpoints that these economists support clearly show the misrepresentation in the statistics given. The dispersion between the figures is difficult for a consumer to side with. Those who support the war will side with economists who believe that war is economically plausible. Likewise, those against war will support the statistics that show the detrimental effects conflict with Iraq will have to the U.S. economy. Consumers, who have no opinions on the conflict, must stay in the median of these debates and not become victims of caricature by economists personal beliefs.


Please note that this sample paper on stats essay is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on stats essay, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on stats essay will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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