Wine Grape Canopy Management

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History and Science Go Well With Wine

Wine has unfalteringly accompanied us through history. It has seen the rise and fall of many an empire, it stood by us in biblical times, sloshed around in goblets at our medieval feasts, and patiently waited for us to regain our senses during prohibition.

Man has been making wine for centuries. So weve had a little time to study and try to improve upon our techniques. In fact, weve done so much pondering on the subject that it has become its own science; enology.

There are numerous steps in making a good wine that start from the instant the very first vines are planted all the way to the bottle. Aspects of botany, soil biology, chemistry, microbiology, genetics, ecology, physics, and engineering (just to name a few), all come into play in the complex orchestra of making a wine. Buy cheap Wine Grape Canopy Management term paper

One technique that has emerged one the forefront of enology is canopy management. The term canopy management is just a fancy way of referring to the control and orientation of grape vines and leaves. But dont be fooled by this simple definition, canopy management is a complex and important technique.

So Whats a Canopy and Why Does it Need to be Managed?

When viticulturists refer to the "canopy", they are talking about the shoot system of the plant, which includes the leaves, the stems, and the grape clusters. The canopy can be described by its length, height, width, leaf area, and density of the shoots.

When picturing a healthy vineyard, you may think of long dark green rows of vines, with dense and lush leaves. As you walk into the rows, its shady and the air is cooler and moist. These growing conditions may sound perfect but in reality they do not produce the best wines. The best wines come from low yield vines that are slightly stressed and the grapes have more contact with light and air.

Research has proven that fruit from these types of vines taste better and are less likely to suffer from infections of bunch rot or mildew. This is because removing leaves and spacing out vines increases air movement. This in turn means that moisture from rain and dew dry faster, which prevents the formation of diseases. Also, any preventative sprays used on the canopy will penetrate farther in. So through leaf plucking, trimming and vine positioning, the viticulturist manages the canopy to produce the best grapes for wine.

Plucking and Trimming and Spacing, oh my!

The aim of canopy management is to maximize the amount of sunlight and minimize shading , all while maintaining a good balance between shoot growth and grape production. Doesnt sound too difficult, right? The tricky part is that every grape variety, every vineyard, and every growing season is different. So in turn, every canopy needs to be managed differently.

There are five basic steps of canopy management that every viticulturist should follow. Some varieties of grapes require all five steps, some require less, and some require the repeat of certain steps. If the growing season that year is dry, then less steps should be used, or if it is wet, more should be used. Viticulturists must decide (sometimes through trial and error) how to adjust canopy management techniques to best suit their own situation.

So lets start with the first step, shoot thinning. This consists of removing any unwanted shoots that are growing on the trunk of the main vine. Any shoots that have no fruit are removed first, unless the vine itself is damaged and the new shoot will help replace the trunk. Shoot thinning should be done early in the season. This way shoots are easily removable and the grapes are visible to distinguish between fruitful and unfruitful shoots. Once shoot thinning is done, the canopy should have about 6-8 shoots per foot.

Our next step is shoot positioning. Shoots dont just grow up and down. Often they grow sideways and attach to other shoots and vines. So the viticulturist positions the shoots so that they will grow in a way that promotes an open canopy, and stays with the shape of the trellis system. There are two unique terms used in shoot positioning and they are combing and tucking. Combing means to position the shoot downwards and tucking means to position the shoot upwards. Shoot positioning should be done some time between blooming and when the fruit sets in. During this window of opportunity, the shoots are strong enough not to snap and the tendrils arent fully active.

The next step is referred to as cluster thinning. This means to remove some grape blooms or the grape clusters from the vine. But why do this, it sounds just like the viticulturists are cutting off the very thing they want to grow. This practice actually improves the grapes and vines left behind and leads to a healthier long lived vineyard. Not all varieties of grapes require cluster thinning but most varieties will be improved using this technique. Also, sometimes a vine will fall behind in production. A viticulturist might completely remove every cluster from this vine. This allows the vines to recover and put all of their energy into the vines and trunk. This makes for a healthier vine the next year.

Step four is leaf removal. Leaves are removed for two purposes. They are to increase airflow and increase sunlight exposure. Leaves are plucked from the shady side of the vine and not the sunny side. This is because direct sunlight may give the fruit sunburn. Pulling leaves from the shady side will increase light and air penetration but still leaves the fruit in a protected position. One disadvantage of leaf pulling is that it allows birds to easily penetrate the vines too. Leaf plucking should be done before veraison. Verasion is when the berries stop growing and coloration (in red grape varieties) begins. Any leaf plucking done after this period is useless because it is too late to have any affect on the berries themselves and will most likely only cause sunburn.

The final step is shoot hedging. Shoot hedging is cutting any shoots that grow beyond the space of the trellis. This controls shoot length and helps promote shoot placement and spacing. The weather determines how many times shoot hedging is required. A particularly rainy summer will mean more hedging for the viticulturist because shoot will, well, shoot up.

"Beer is made by men, wine by God"~ Martin Luther

Wine production is a centuries old technique, but how much praise for the end product do we deserve and how much do we owe to nature? We have come to understand many ways to make better wines but we still dont know exactly every aspect that makes a great wine great. That last tiny aspect that pushes a good wine to great may not be under our complete control. The same exact wine from the same exact grape will vary from year to year. Whether its the rain, the wind, the sun or the soil, there is a factor or two in wine making that is left up to chance. We are never completely sure what we are going to get until we pop that cork.

Ill drink to that.

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Internet

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AIDS

(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

Does anybody have an intimate relationship? Has anyone of you ever thought about AIDS before having sex without protection? AIDS is a word, which meant punishment for all those who didnt obey certain rules of normal sexual behavior. But today it means punishment for those who are having sexual intercourse without protection.

AIDS is abbreviation for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. A result of human immune-deficiency-virus (HIV) that makes the immune system less able to fight infection. The time between infection to becoming symptomatic with a disease is called incubation period. The incubation period is long as eleven years. The cause of that is in all cases pneumonia cancer or infection with bacteria and viruses.

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Routes of transmission

The chart represents primary routes of transmission of the AIDS virus. The largest single group is still male to male sexual contact (at 5%), the second largest transmission groups are those who use injected drugs (5%), male to female sexual contact (7%), transfusion with blood products (%) and unknown risk (6%).

How is AIDS transmitted

HIV is spread by sexual contact with an infected person, by needle-sharing among injecting drug users, or, less commonly, through transfusions of infected blood. Babies born to HIV-infected women may become infected before or during birth, through breast-feeding after birth. Some people fear that HIV might be transmitted in other ways; however no scientific prove has been found. If HIV were being transmitted through other routes, for example, through air or insects, the pattern of reported AIDS cases would be much different from what has been observed.

Since HIV is unable to reproduce outside its living host, except under laboratory conditions, it does not spread or maintain infectious outside its host.

You cant get AIDS from

· casual contact such as touching or holding hands;

· shared use of dishes;

· public toilets / drinking fountains;

· telephones;

· public transport;

· swimming pool, because of the chlorine in the water will automatically kill the virus;

· sweat tears or bytes are unlikely;

· kissing casual contact through closed mouth or social kissing is not a risk for transmission of HIV. Because of theoretical potentials for contact with blood during French or open mouth kissing this activity is not recommended with the infected person.

· insects such as mosquitoes.

Who should take the test

· man who have engaged in homosexual behavior;

· intravenous drug users;

· women who are considering pregnancy and who are at risk of HIV infection, or whose sexual partners are at risk;

· heterosexual man and woman;

· previously tested HIV negative individuals, who continue to practice high-risk behavior.

If you think, that you might be infected you can take the test in the Microbiological Institute in Ljubljana on Zaloska cesta 4 (the building of Medical University). You can take anonymous or confidential testing. Confidential testing means, that you are identified and the results are recorded in medical files and are not revealed without written permission. Anonymous testing means that name and other identifying information is not linked with results and only individuals can find out test results.

The first case of AIDS was recorded in 15 in Memphis, USA under diagnose pneumonia. A person dies two months later. AIDS broke out in the year 181 in San Francisco, USA.

No effective cure has been found yet, but life expectancy is getting higher. The only safe protection is the use of condom. In Slovenia we have over 00 known cases of HIV positive persons, but this number will double in two years time.

Sex is an important part of humans life and it is not exactly optimistic that we have to connect sex with death. AIDS is spreading irresistible, the experiences show that nothing changes the individuals until they are infected themselves. AIDS is among us, open your eyes widely, tomorrow might be too late.

Dont die of ignorance!

Tatjana Kociper & Marusa Tratnjek.

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Pregnancy in california

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Approximately 1 million teens become pregnant each year in the U.S. This results in approximately 50,000 births, 405,000 abortions and 80,000 miscarriages. More than 10% of this total is in the State of Ca, and 10% of the California total is in Orange County

•California has the nd highest teen pregnancy rate in the nation. 15 pregnancies per 1000 women aged 15-1 occurred in 17. The national rate in 7% per 1000 women

•Over 40% of adolescents will become pregnant before reaching age 0. By age 18, 4% will have a pregnancy.

•Of the total number of teen pregnancies, approximately half occur with 18 & 1 year olds.

•Five to seven billion in state and federal money is spent each year on services related to teen parents.

•46% of single mothers receive public assistance

•Of prison inmates between 15&1 years of age, 0% are products of an adolescent pregnancy

•Pregnancy is third of the top ten disciplinary problems confronting public school teachers.

• of 10 teen mothers go on welfare within years of the birth of their first child.

•70% of all pregnant adolescents do not receive adequate prenatal care.

•% of teen mothers have low birth weight babies, which are 40 times more likely to die in their first month of life than normal weight babies.

•Sexually transmitted diseases along with HIV/AIDS are some risk factors that contribute to teen pregnancy.

•Pregnant teens often have poor eating habits and may smoke, drink alcohol and take drugs, increasing the risk that their babies will be born with health problems. Also more at risk of pregnancy complications (premature or prolonged labor, anemia and high blood pressure). And are even greater for teens who are less than 15 years old.

•1 in teen mothers drops out of high school.

•40% of females who give birth by age fifteen dont complete 8th grade.

•More than in 10 teens who give birth keep their babies.

•The younger the birth mother, the greater the age difference between herself and the father. In fact, many of these fathers are guilty of statutory rape, and most states do very little to prosecute. The percentage of the fathers accept the reality of what they have helped create.

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A life changing experience

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People everywhere go through various experiences in their lives. Every experience affects a person in some way. The resulting effects can be good, bad, or a combination of both. Many aspects of my life have influenced my personality and the way that I live. Breaking my leg influenced my life dramatically. It began simply by playing the game I love most. Resulting in sitting on the sidelines, watching the season drift away. This experience affected my life intensely, yet still managed to make me a better person.

Midway through junior year in high school, soccer season began. All year everything was going well, my year always gets better knowing soccer has started. This was my third year making the varsity soccer team. Of course, I worked hard all through winter during pre-season to make this my best year yet. A few games into the season we were scheduled to play Adrian. On this hot muggy day, we traveled an hour in a half to play. For me, the bus ride to Adrian was one to remember. Little did I know that it would be my last for the season.

After an hour and a half bus ride, we arrived at Adrian Middle School. It was a half hour before game time and everyone on the team was excited to play. As the sun was beating down, the referee blew the whistle to begin the game. As usual, I started the game playing defense. In the past three years playing on varsity, I had earned my spot on the field. Playing "stopper" in defense was my goal from day one, finally my junior year I achieved what I had wanted in my soccer career. In my opinion, defense is the most important role on the field. Defenders are the last players on the field protecting the goal. A player must be able to see the overview of the field to achieve the best at being a defender. Playing defense gives the feeling of "owning" the field and having the trust of the whole team. Throughout the first half I continued to play defense as the two teams gave it their best.

Meanwhile, the game was almost half way over, the score had been tied for the previous fifteen minutes. During half time everyone discussed a stradegy to change the score. Then, to start the second half of the game I sat the bench. The coach had explained to me that our team was weak in offense and I was needed in that position. Therefore, the time passed, as I had to wait to get into the game. Impatiently waiting, I finally heard the coach call my name to go in, I was replacing a forward in her position. Now, the play had begun and I received the ball. Nervously, I looked in front of me and saw no one to challenge. I knew pressure was on me to get the ball down the field and score. The score had been tied for minutes without end. I began dribbling the ball down the field and came to the first and only person in my way. The only player I had to get around was the goalie. Their goalie was extremely tall and a skilled player. Now I was faced with the goalie one on one.

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Immediately, I faced the goalie and took her on. The crowd was tense and excited. Slowly, the goalie and I came closer. Before we became to close to ruin my chance I went to take my shot. As I took the shot, the goalie slid into me and stopped my leg in mid kick. The ball was left in between us as I fell to the ground on top of her. Eventually, I attempted to get off the ground and realized I could not. As I tried to get up my leg felt numb and it was in extreme pain. As a result, I fell back to the ground rolling and screaming at the top of my lungs. I remember the trainer and my coach running to me on the field. The trainer then cut off my sock and shoe to then see my leg was broke. Directly after, the ambulance was called. Meanwhile, my dad came on the field to be by my side. My coach and my father were both holding my hands trying to calm me down, but calming me down was a lost cause. Finally, the ambulance arrived to take me away to the hospital.

When the ambulance arrived, they drove onto the field. Paramedics came to my side to learn what had happened. I was in so much pain; they could not even move me. The pain was so intense, my leg started to feel like it was not there. In time, the paramedics gave me morphine. They attempted again and again to get me into the ambulance. After many doses of morphine, they were able to get me onto the stretcher. I was then taken to Adrian Hospital. My father was by my side as I sat on the bed waiting to be seen. Both my mother and brother drove out to Adrian the instant they were aware of what happened. That night I was transferred to Oakwood General Hospital to receive the appropriate care.

At Oakwood General, I was notified of the surgery that I needed. My parents had made the decision to have a metal rod placed into my bone and three pins to hold it there. That day I went into surgery. To my knowledge, I was in surgery for a few hours. Soon, I awoke to see my parents around the hospital bed. I was then in the hospital for days that seemed like months. Throughout that time, it was hard for me to eat any healthy food, move around, or even stay awake. This time in the hospital made me realize the things so many people take for granted. I can recall the first night in the hospital feeling unbelievably helpless. Reality checks in when you depend on pushing a button to receive help to eat, go to the bathroom, or even move a pillow. Slowly days passed in the hospital. On the fifth day I heard the best news I had heard in days. My parents told me, if I felt I was ready I could be released. That day I got out of my hospital bed for the first time in four days. My doctor explained to me that it would be hard for me to acquire my walking skills anytime soon. I was put on crutches until I was told I was strong enough to walk again.

To some this up, this experience intensely affected my life and at the same time made me a better person. Although I was excited to go back home, it was not all I had expected. When I got home, I realized I could not sleep in my own bed because I could not make the walk up the stairs. I was then confined to our pull out bed downstairs. At home, I still only ate limited food. My stomach could only handle things such as crackers or yogurt because of the vicodin I was taking. Only time could tell how long it would be until I was able to eat as I did before. Like other things, school was a struggle too. I was unable to go back to school for at least a week. Not being able to attend school put me behind in every subject. When I returned, everything was extremely difficult. My boyfriend and friends had to wheel me from class to class in a wheelchair, which made me feel extremely helpless. I was so behind in my classes, it took me over a week to catch up with all my work. The school situation was frustrating to beyond my belief. I never thought returning to my everyday life would be such a struggle. In short, the most unexpected things that happen in a lifetime can influence your life more than you know.

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Twelve angry men

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The film Twelve Angry Men is an excellent tool to use to elaborate the original play because it provides an alternate visualization about the storyline, and it allows a different perspective from the directors viewpoint.

Although the film is a useful tool, it is not as accurate as the original play. It tends to leave out some of the aspects of the play such as a part of the end scene which has juror number three handing juror number eight the knife with a high level of tension as he said dramatically, not guilty. In the film, that aspect of the play is left out. The tension level is very different aswell. The play shows how tension is a major factor by allowing the reader to recognize the characters difficulties in achieving the correct verdict. The film has a tendency to not focus on that aspect as much as the play.

The film, however, is an excellent advantage to compare the visualization that was taken from the play, to the directors perspective. In the play, it is sometimes difficult to receive a direct and appropriate visualization of some of the jurors who are not as evident as other jurors, such as number three and number eight who are clearly the main antagonist and protagonist. The film allows the viewer to gain a more complete viewpoint about the flat types of characters. It even enables the viewer to gain a sense of how the characters interact with eachother with a great amount of clarity, which might have been missed when reading the play.

The film also shows the viewer the time frame of the story. It permits the viewer to gain a sense of both when and where the story took place. It is filmed in black and white in contrast to colour which allows the viewer to make a comparison of how the judicial system was in the nineteen fiftys compared to the present day trials. It is also very simple to see what aspects effect each jurors decision and how prejudice was a major factor in the storyline.Order College Papers on twelve angry men

The film Twelve Angry Men clears up any confusion that might have been caused by the play and gives a different perspective about the characters and the situations they face. It also enables the viewer to gain a sense of how the judicial system was greatly effected by the prejudice people of society.

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"The Lumber Room" by Saki

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The primary interest of the story is the conflict, the battle and struggle between two different worlds. The world of children on one hand and the one of grown-ups on the other. The main characters personality (Nicholas) also determines the type of story in which he is involved. I feel very identified with the character because he wants to claim for childrens rights and he is ready to show that adults can be wrong. The plot is not so important because most of the actions are not external, they happen in Nicholas mind.

The time (between the 0s 0s) is more important than the place in which the story takes place. This is because in those times it was thought that adults were the wiser and better people, the ones who enjoyed from privileges. But nowadays it is very different because older people are not longer respected as they used to be. Actually the lumber room is also important, it was a place which children could not enter. Despite the rules, Nicholas went in. "It was probably the first time for twenty years that any one had smiled in that lumber-room". This clearly shows that there had not been children in the lumber-room for more than twenty years.

Nicholas was a very wise child. He thought like and adult. He was sly, histrionic, critical and was ready to prove how wrong adults were. When he found the tapestry in the lumber-room and started to imagine the story of the huntsman, we could deduce that he had the mind of a writer, he was precocious. When his aunt fell into the water tank, he took too much satisfaction of the situation and this was the perfect excuse to take revenge on her. He was tired of adults abusing of their authority. He was clever minded, he did not believe too much to luck and accident. His actions were perfectly planned and synchronized. Trough them, he procured the absence of the other children and his aunts employment in the garden as to be able to get in the lumber-room without being caught. Although Saki is a grown-up he is identified with Nicholas because when he was a child he used to live with his aunts. Aunt Augusta (one of Sakis aunt) was the inspiration for Nicholas aunt in the "Lumber Room".

On the other hand we have the aunt who was harsh and self-imposed. On the eyes of Nicholas she was evil but to the aunts eyes, Nicholas was the evil one. She thought children did evil things. She took advantage of her authority and she tought adults were the better and wiser people. She never listened to children, she was cruel and treated them as if they were not important. She ill-treated them. According to Nicholas she was a woman of few ideas but with a great power of concentration. When she fell inside the water tank se became a victim to Nicholas. When one children misbehaved the aunt invented something not to amuse the other children but to be able to punish the offender.

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Sakis diction and the subject matter provokes a comic effect. He uses military (prisoner, tank, skilled tactician), religious (offend God, sinner, disgrace) and legal terms (unwarranted, offender, forfeited) to describe the permanent battle between the aunt and Nicholas. This formal terminology is used as to give importance to something common or trivial.

The title is very important because as I said before, it is the place in which most of the actions take place. It was a place in which only adults could be, children were forbidden to go in it. Neveretheless, Nicholas went into the lumber room and disobeyed his aunt.

In my view, the central purpose of the story is to show that adults can be wrong. Although they seem very omnipotent they can be managed or controlled by children and in the end they are pretty vulnerable.

The story offers more than chiefly escape or entertainment, it is a story to analyze and interpretate human nature and their actions. Although it is a very short story it has the purpose to make us understand and comprehend how children feel towards adults.

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Holden's Depression

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Everyone feels depressed in his/her life at some point or the other. However, when depression becomes so much of a persons life, this person can no longer experience what is defined as "happiness." This is what happens to Holden Caulfield, the main character in J.D. Salingers Catcher in the Rye. The causes of Holdens depression are his brother, Allies death, his lack of personal motivation, and his loneliness. Since Holden has no one to turn to when he feels depressed, because he thinks that everybody is phony, this causes him to go into a deeper state of depression.

The main thing that makes Holden depressed is Allies death. Allie was one of the few people that Holden liked. From what Holden explains, he was a "perfect" kid. For this reason, when Allie died of leukemia, Holden fell into a state of depression, because of the unfair fact that a kid as perfect as Allie should die. Moreover, he feels guilty for his death. He shows this by breaking the windows in the garage with his fist. "I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddam windows with my fist just for hell of it" (. The next time we see Allie as a motive for Holdens depression, is after Stradlater disapproves of the composition Holden wrote for him about Allies glove. Holden rips it, and then, as Stradlater wont tell him what he did with Jane, Holden uses her as a reason to fight with him. "All I know is I got up from the bed….and then I tried to sock him….so it would split his goddam throat open" (4). Even though he is somewhat jealous of Jane for going out with Stradlater, Allie is the deeper reason why Holden provokes Stradlater to fight with him. Holden also feels depressed for Allies death, because there are things he did in the past that he regrets. He feels depressed when he remembers that he once didnt let Allie go to the lake with him and Bobby Fallon on their bikes. "So once in a while now, when I get very depressed, I keep saying to him, "Okay. Go home and get your bike…Hurry up"" (). Allies death plays another role in Holdens depression, because at some point, Holden begins to fear death, and thinking about the fact that he is going to die makes him depressed. "I figured Id be dead in a couple of months because I had cancer….It certainly didnt make me feel too gorgeous" (18).

Nevertheless, Allies death is not the only cause of Holdens depression. Holden has absolutely no self-motivation. Since Allies death and the state of depression he has gotten into, he basically does not care about his life. He has failed four schools, and has gotten kicked out of them. He has no motivation in sticking to one school and doing his best in there. "This is about the fourth school Ive gone to" (). Although he does not directly mention that he feels depressed for failing four schools, it is very obvious to the reader that he is. He has no motivation whatsoever for improving his grades. "Dear Mr. Spencer. This is all I know about the Egyptians….I cant seem to get very interested in them…I am flunking everything else except English anyway" (1). Moreover, he has no motivation to improve himself; every time he talks about himself, he somehow underestimates himself. "Im the only dumb one"(67). His low self-esteem is clearly shown in this line. A big root of his depression is being a "loser" in life. "Almost every time somebody gives me a present, it ends up making me sad" (5). He knows that he does not deserve the presents he gets; therefore he feels depressed. He lacks the desire and motivation to improve himself. In addition to this, the guilt he feels over Allies death, as mentioned before, is also related to his depression; remembering what a "perfect" kid Allie was, he thinks that Allie is the one that would deserve getting the presents he gets. Another way his lack of motivation depresses him, is that he has not had a real friend, for he cannot motivate himself to overlook the phoniness in a person, and accept the other as he/she is. He sees everybody as phony. "Strictly a phony" (86). Even though he is the one who alienates himself from the others, having no friends makes him feel lonely and depressed. Lastly, Holden feels depressed for his older brother, D.B, for being a "prostitute" in Hollywood. "Mr. Antolini said that anybody that could write like D.B. had no business going out to Hollywood. Thats exactly what I said, practically" (181). He simply cannot motivate himself to be happy for his brother and look for at least one good thing in what he does, in spite of how much he hates Hollywood.

Even though Holdens lack of self-motivation plays a major role as the cause of his depression, his loneliness is also a very important cause of his depression. After Holden is notified that he is expelled from Pency Prep, he starts packing, to leave early. "One thing about packing depressed me a little" (51). Obviously, he would feel depressed for being expelled from his school once again, and having to face another world alone. When he gets to New York City, he finds himself more lonely and depressed than ever. "What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out the window" (104). Being lonely and having no one to talk to really depresses him. As mentioned before, Holden cannot find anyone who is not phony, except Phoebe. She basically is the closest Person Holden has. "….what I figured Id do….Id sneak home and see her m in case I died and all" (156). For this reason, he is alone in this world and has no friends. Holden is isolated from his parents as well, because he feels ashamed to talk to them as a result of being kicked out of four schools. Also, his parents do not bother to talk to him, and all they do is to send him off to schools. Therefore, his relationship with them is not a close one. "But my parents, especially my mother, she has ears like a goddam bloodhound. So I took it very, very easy when I went past their door" (158). This is when Holden sneaks into his house to visit Phoebe, and does not want his parents to hear him enter, for he is ashamed to face them. Holdens depression due to loneliness is also shown when he is in the hotel lobby, which is empty. "I wasnt sleepy or anything, but I was feeling sort of lousy. Depressed and all. I almost wished I was dead" (0). This makes him feel lonely and depressed, and so as to escape his depression, he gets drunk. Lastly, Holdens depression is clearly shown when he walks alone on the street and becomes afraid of not being able to get to the other of the street. He starts talking to Allie, aloud, asking him to help him to get to the other side. "Allie, dont let me disappear. Allie, dont let me disappear. Please, Allie" (18). Loneliness is what many people try to escape from, and what Holden is trapped in. Help with essay on Holden's Depression

Allies death, Holdens inability to motivate himself, and his state of loneliness are what cause Holden to feel depressed. His loneliness in life causes him to get into a deeper state of depression. Those who surround him he thinks are phony, and, for this reason, he will stay lonely.

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Analysis of articles

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ARTICLE 1.

1. State the type of text- letter to the editor, editorial etc. - In her letter to the editor titled, Dont dump waste, L. Bourke argues, claims, asserts, advocates, contends …………

Writers main contention- state the writers main contention and mention a couple of the main reasons given to support his contention.

- the author supports this view by highlighting- claims that

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- asserts that- discusses- addresses the issue of

- establishes the view that- raises the question about

- shows partiality towards…. (government)- demonstrates the significance of

. Headline comment on the language in the headline.

In the headline the use of twice suggests….. this has the intended effect of making the reader feel…… The photograph illustrating…enhances this negative feel.

-State what the headline is trying to draw your attention to.

-Is it taking a side on the issue

-What words are most important

The reader then begins the article having already been made to consider the article in a negative light and the writer (name) begins the article with a statement….

. Tone- what tone of voice is used? Angry? Committed? conversational? You must give examples and quotes of the language used.

-in an angry outburst the writer demands

-the words,…..,……. Suggest that the writer is…..

-the writer addresses the issue by using a conversational tone

-the writer immediately catches our attention when he urges us to…

-he suggests sinister motives

tone words- cynical, sarcastic, disappointed, appalled, approving, passionate, aggressive, mocking, forceful, persuasive, sinister

4.Persuasive techniques - look for examples of assumptions, analogies, rhetorical questions, repetition. Use of experts? Use of statistics? You must state the effect each technique has on the reader.

How- the writers use of expert opinion- use of cold hard statistics

- the writers rhetorical style/ dramatic use of rhetorical questions

- convincing arguments- authoritative voice

Why- this language is designed to provoke

- Arouses deep concern- affirms in the readers mind….(the credibility of the arg.)

-positions the reader to accept

Success- for the reader, this article produces…

- a readers response might well be to…

- the perceptions of the reader are sharpened by….

PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES

- Expressive vocabulary- rhetorical questions

-Quoting authorities- expert evidence and statistics

In quoting authorities, the writer captures the readers attention by stating….

- repetition - the writer repeatedly uses the term we to demand the reader to do more to help the drugs battle.

In the debate over heroin injecting rooms, some supporters use language to create a scare scenario. They say that without such facilities the community is increasingly placed at risk, as contaminated syringes are left lying around beaches and playgrounds.

5. Conclusion- the way the writer concludes. Does the author present lasting message or effect.

Eg. Whilst this is a cautious article, the writer manages to persuade the reader with a repetition of rhetorical questions that injecting rooms should not be established in Victoria.

1-WHAT is being said? Important phrases, words

-HOW are they saying it? Techniques used

-WHY are they saying it? Purpose/ intended effect on the reader

4-SUCCESS is the intended effect successful

Intended effect- what is the reader led to think feel do after reading certain words/phrases that the writer uses.

Eg Supporters of injecting rooms may try to shake the certainty of opponents and create doubts in their minds.

Article +

1. General introduction

. introduction to article 1.

. Analyse article 1.

4. conclude article 1

5. intro to article

6. analyse article

7. conclude article

8. synthesis- include a paragraph comparing and contrasting the articles/ difference and similarities.

While L. Bourke in their article titled…… adopts a calm tone, the

.General Conclusion

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Philosophy of Nursing

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I believe that personal philosophy is based on knowledge. In 171 Kneeler described five kinds of knowledge (cited in Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb, 00 , p. ); revealed- disclosed by god, intuitive- based in self-discovery, rational - logic derived, empirical - based on observation or experiment, and authoritative- vouched for by authorities. At times, knowledge is gained through epiphany, and our own life experience (revealed and intuitive). At other times we learn from the experiences and experiments of others (authoritative and empirical). Sometimes we know things are so because they just make sense (rational). Learning is a life long process. As our knowledge increases our personal philosophy grows, the two becoming tightly woven about one another and becoming ultimately inseparable.

My personal philosophy defines who I am as a human being. It shapes my life and drives my daily experience as I interact with myself, my family, strangers, my environment, and my world. The keystone of my personal philosophy is listed by Watson, as one of the critical values in Nursing; "a belief in the dignity and worth of each person" (as cited in Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb, 00, p. 15). A second fundamental piece of my personal philosophy is the Native American proverb 'before you can know someone you must walk two moons in their moccasins. I remember vividly the first time I was introduced the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Anonymous, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and More, 001). At last! A short cut to walking two moons, a way to understand someone by looking at their circumstances. Maslows theory prioritizes human needs from most basic physiologic needs such as oxygen, food, water and constant body temperature, necessary to maintain life, to the ultimate human potential, self-actualization.

How then does a personal philosophy integrate with the elements of nursing practice, environment, health, illness, and nursing? What follows is an exploration of how my personal views integrate with the philosophies of other nurses in terms of environment, health, illness and nursing,

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Environment

A definition of environment will vary from one person to another. Blais. Hayes, Kozier and Erb (00) define environment as "the internal & external surroundings that effect the client, including people in the physical environment, such as families friends, and significant others"(pg. 1). Rogers describes environment as "all that is outside a given human field" (as cited in Blais et al., 00, p. 4). I would go even further than Rogers and add 'throughout their existence". In other words, our environment is everything we interact with throughout our lives. If we consider Rogerss broad definition of environment, an individuals environment extends through their interaction with other s. When I interact with another, their environment becomes part of mine because it defines their reality and their reality interacts with mine. Further, past experiences with our environment pattern present and future interactions. Following this chain of thought, we truly see environment as infinite. On more a practical level, the key concept for me,, our environment determines where we are on Maslows Hierarchy. Where we are on Maslows Hierarchy affects our interaction with our environment and that includes the nurse-patient relationship.

Health

Health has been described as the absence of disease. Nightingale (cited in Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb, 00) defined health as a state of "being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent."(pg 7) The World Health Organization (cited in Blais et al., 00) defines health "as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."(p.7) My definition of health would include a little Maslow in the mix; health is a state of physical, mental and social well being which allows the individual to work towards self-actualization.

Illness

Illness is defined by Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb ( 00) as "a highly personal state in which the person feels ill. Illness is highly subjective and only the individual person can say he or she is ill." (p. 8) Once again, I would toss a little Maslow in and define illness as any internal condition that infers with the individuals ability to achieve self-actualization. Any internal condition that interferes with an individuals ability to meet their need for oxygen prevents attainment of self-actualization and causes a state of illness. Any condition that interferes with an individuals ability to meet their need for nutrition prevents attainment of self-actualization and causes a state of illness. Any internal condition that interferes with the individuals ability to be secure, belong, or maintain self respect prevents attainment of self actualization and causes a state of illness.

Nursing

The definition of nursing depends on the theorist. Henderson, in 155, (cited in Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb, 00) defines the function of the nurse "to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to the health or recovery that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible."(p. ) Jacobs (001) defines Nursing as "respect of human dignity". She further states; "Nursings central phenomenon …is to ennoble the lives of the people who nurses relate to in community"(pg?). Still adding a little Maslow into the mix, I define Nursing as ennobling the lives of our clients by assisting them in the activities they would perform themselves in their journey towards self actualization, in such a way as to help them gain independence as rapidly as possible.

It is very difficult to face the demands of caring for people from day to day with out the solid foundation of a personal philosophy. Ethical issues are a frequent component of nursing in the twenty first century. A sound personal and nursing philosophy is required to deal compassionately and comfortably with issues such as abortion, allocation of resources, termination of health care efforts, use of restraints, caring for prisoners, etc. For me, investigation and development of a personal philosophy is a prerequisite for a joyful life and a fulfilling career in nursing.

References

Anonymous. (001, October 15). [Maslows Hierarchy of Needs] Retrieved April , 00, from Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and More http//www.connect.net/georgen/maslow.htm

Blais, K., RN, Ed.D, Hayes, J. S., RN, Ph.D, Kozier, B., RN, MN, & Erb, G. R. B. (00). Professional Nursing Practice, 4th ed.. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Prentice Hall.

Edwards, S. D., (001). Benner and Wrubel on caring in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, (), 167-171.

Jacobs, B. B. (001). Respect for human dignity A central phenomenon to philosophically unite nursing theory and practice through consilience of knowledge. Advances in Nursing Science, 4(1), 17-5.

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DRINKING AND DRIVING

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Mr. Speaker, this past week in my district I had the privilege and the opportunity to present the first-ever Freedom Works Award to Emmit Smith, runningback for the Dallas Cowboys. It was a great privilege for me to do that in that in my initial discussions with Emmit about the opportunity to receive this award, which was created to acknowledge and recognize individuals for their personal service in their communities, that Emmit Smith insisted that, if the award were to be given, that it should be about neither football nor politics but about service. I applauded him for his point of view and said that he was exactly right.

Emmit Smith is a person that has done exemplary service in his community in a quiet way through Emmit Smith Charities. He has followed up on his initial expression of service and appreciation by keeping his promise to his mother, and in his off-season, even though he obviously has no economic need to do so, Emmit Smith went back and completed his college education and received his degree as a tribute to his mother and the promise that he made.

In addition to that, through Emmit Smith Charities he has personally provided over ,000 meals to distressed families in the community during holiday seasons and using that as an opportunity to express his conviction that freedom works best when it is expressed in service to people other than yourself.

What really touches me most about Emmit Smith and his work in the community is that he actively seeks out through Emmit Smith Charities distressed children in distressed communities in distressed homes and provides for them his personal encouragement; that if you will attend to your studies and if you will keep yourself clean of drugs, violence, and crime, and if you will do your work in your home and in your own community, that Emmit Smith himself will pay for their college education.

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What better illustration of an individual who does not need to but feels compelled, out of his own commitment, to serve, to look after the needs of other people? I was proud to have that time with Emmit Smith. I hope that his receiving of this award will stand as an example to others to put freedom first through service to others.

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Y2K BuG

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David Eggleston Review of Literature /4/ Teri Ferguson YK Bug The turn of the century is rapidly approaching. This should be a time of high hopes for the future; the United States has advanced in all sorts of technology. The United States has advanced a great deal with computers, which are able to automate many difficult jobs, calculate extravagant equations, and make life easier for most people. The computer is an amazing tool allowing the United States to excel in the world. But, computers can also be the loadstone of the United States in the year 000. The computer bug commonly known as YK can cause this. YK will cause a computers date registry to read "00" in which the computer will interpret "100". Many people have their own opinions about how this will effect the United States and to what degree it will be effected, if the United States will be effected at all. A writer for Time Magazine states that there are wide ranges of people that are being affected in different ways by the YK problem. The author describes how many people are preparing for the worst and that some of those people believe that the Biblical Armageddon will arrive in the year 000. It was stated that the YK problem is just another thing to keep people entertained. This was described by how the movie industry moved from spy movies such as "James Bond" at the end of the cold war to more sci-fi movies such as "Godzilla" because there was no real world problem. The purpose of this article is to simply point out that there is an actual problem with the YK phenomenon in order to make people aware that there are dangers even if it is just in the form of doomsayers. This point of the author is strong enough and realistic enough to make the problem known to the people but does not display any idea one way or the other. A marketing organization known as Arial Marketing posted a contingency plan on the internet that gives a view that there is going to be a strong enough problem with YK that one must prepare for it. This argument is supported by a few quotes from officials and high-ranking people in their respective fields. Arial Marketing made this posting slanting toward the fact that there will definitely be a problem with YK. Arial Marketing has even posted bad and a worst case preparation table. The purpose of this site is to tell people that their will be a YK problem and that in order to help people prepare for a situation Eggleston two. This opinion is a strong one that is well presented and cautious with the quotes from many people backing it up. In "The Year 000 Problem The Year the Earth Stands Still" Written by a one Gary North, Gary North clearly argues his own opinion about the YK problem. He really does not support his case by any facts other than his strong determination to make sure that everyone knows his point of view. The point of view that he tends to support is one of terrible visions of the absolute worst case scenario of the YK problem. He does not have any other kind of opinion of anything less and is quite sure of the idea that the world will crash because of the YK problem. The purpose of this article is to display Gary Norths opinion of the YK problem in order to get people to prepare for the worst. The argument that Gary North has presented is a weak one for he has only state opinionated facts and has not supported this argument with any hard evidence. In just under a year the year 000 will arrive with many hopes but it will also arrive with a YK bug. This bug will definitely affect some things, and maybe affect major things. The only thing that the people can do is simply prepare for the worst and hope for the best. Many organizations and even the government of the United States are working and hacking at this problem. Many organizations are making headway and will be ready to great the new millennium; others will most likely still be cracking down on the problem. The thing that the individual all the way to the general population must realize is that worrying and predicting doom are the major problems that society is facing and will face during the year 000.

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CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF HAMLET

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CRITICAL ANALYSISOF HAMLET

William Shakespeare, a name that has been written in all books of English literature with golden letters. If a poll for the most popular person to have ever lived in this world was to be conducted, I am quite sure that Shakespeare would have no problems in winning it with a landslide. I am very glad, and in fact honored to have gotten the opportunity to analyze a drama written by the most prolific writer in the history of English literature. Hamlet is probably the best known of Shakespeares works, and may well be the most famous English play ever written. Hamlet is a drama that displays Shakespeares extraordinary talent with the English language and thus leaves no body to think of any other name when asked about the best writer of all times. Hamlet is the story of the young prince of Denmark who comes to his kingdom in Elsinore only to find out that his father King Hamlet had died under mysterious circumstances and that his mother had remarried to his uncle who was now the new king. Hamlet sees his fathers ghost who tells him that he was actually a victim of a conspiracy devised against him, headed by his very own younger brother -the present king Claudius. Thus, this story now concentrates on how Hamlet plans to avenge his fathers death, and in the process of doing so is ready to renounce everything in the world including his first love.

"The character of Hamlet dominates Shakespeares tragedy of the same name. Hamlet has always been the subject of admiring critical commentary since Elizabethan times. Hamlet has also developed a reputation as a difficult work to analyze, one that features a very complicated central character, addresses many complex themes, and presents the reader with a multi-layered text, which defies easy interpretation" (www.allshakespeare.com/hamlet). Hamlet is portrayed as the ultimate Renaissance man. At the start of the play, Hamlet is not a commanding figure. Moore conveys this point very nicely by saying that "when we first see the Prince of Denmark, his posture is defensive. Hamlets reaction to the incidents that have occurred is rather passive and resentful" (www.allshakespeare.com/hamlet). Then, when Hamlet talks to his fathers apparition he turns into an introspective character, who does not know whether to trust the ghost or not, and is thus slow to the conviction that the ghost actually is his dead father and that Claudius is guilty of wanton slaughter, thus this also prevents Hamlet from going straight to the task at hand. Hamlet then decides to behave like a lunatic to find out the 'inside story on his fathers death. Hamlet is very unhinged by his fathers death and is utterly disgusted by his mothers free fall from grace by marrying her brother-in-law immediately after her husbands death. Hamlet portrays his true intellectual self only in front of Horatio, who is his friend and student. Thus Hamlets character is that of the ultimate tragic hero who has to give up his love to avenge his fathers death.

It is very true that, "Hamlet has been subjected to numerous interpretations and studies over the centuries, and his actions and thoughts have been analyzed and reanalyzed. This, probably more than anything else, is the reason for Hamlets enduring appeal" (www.classicnotes.com/classicnotes/titles/hamlet). However, I feel that the basic psychological motivation behind Hamlets actions was his desire for revenge. While reading the play, Hamlets obscure words truly hide his intentions and sometimes we begin to think that the mountain of grief has taken its toll on Hamlet and he indeed is insane, but the coming of Horatio at regular intervals help us resolve the doubt. Hamlet is immensely grief stricken and it is his emotions that further provide fuel to his plans of taking revenge.

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All of Shakespeares plays comment on certain inevitable factions of the society. In Hamlet, Shakespeare shows that when greed takes over, man does not know what he is doing. He loses all his common senses and also the ability to think correctly in order to be able to differentiate the right from the wrong. In Hamlet, it is Claudius who succumbs to his greed and eventually kills his own brother and then marries his sister-in-law, all in order to achieve and maintain the crown. Greed is the beginning of destruction, and this is what happened to Claudius also. In their lust for materialistic things people often tend to forget that they are not the Almighty and that one-day all their misdeeds will indeed catch up with them. Shakespeare makes the point very clearly that we have come into this world empty-handed and will leave the world empty handed, thus while living make sure to help others rather than destruct them. Claudius, killed his own brother only to become the king but eventually his crime caught with up with him and he was killed too before he could actually enjoy his position as the ruler.

Hamlet has a number of sub plots that move along with play. The best thing about these sub plots is that they do not tend to drift away from the main plot of the play, but instead enhance the play. Polonius family is the first sub plot that includes his two children, Ophelia and Laeretes. Polonius is the lord and counselor to the king, and is totally deceived by Hamlets acting of a lunatic and is convinced that Hamlets insanity is actually the result of his unrequited love for Ophelia. The other sub plots include Horatio and the guards. Horatio is Hamlets friend who is also the first to inform him about the ghost of Old Hamlet. He is the only friend Hamlet trusts by the end of the play, and he is ordered to reveal the true story of why Hamlet killed Claudius. Horatio also knows of the main motive behind the unusual enactment of the play 'The Murder of Gonzango. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlets two other 'excellent good friends form the third sub plot. They on instructions from the royal couple try to extract some information from Hamlet, but Hamlet succeeds in making them admit their intentions. All these sub plots were extremely important because these sub-plots were like prologues to the next scene of the main plot.

Thus we have now seen that how Hamlet was a collection of all of Shakespeares incredible talents at play. A number of lines from the play have achieved immortality. I would like to quote a line from Hamlet, "To be or not to be". This line is probably the most famous line that has ever been written and is so relevant about Shakespeares achievements. What I mean to say is that it does not matter whether a person is with us or not, he is always remembered by his work, the deeds that he committed while he lived, just as Shakespeare will be remembered for his invaluable contribution to English literature till eternity.

WORKS CITED PAGE

(1) Moore, R. Macbeth. 0//0. http//www.allshakespeare.com/hamlet.php

() Uskalis,Eriks. Introduction to Hamlet. 0//0. http//www.ulg.ac.be/libnet/germa/hamleteng.htm

() Lowers, James K. Hamlet [electronic resource]. 1.

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Fahrenheit 451 Response to Captain Beatty

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Fahrenheit 451 Response Paper

The main antagonist of Fahrenheit 451, Captain Beatty, is a complex character whose personal views on life are riddled with blatantly obvious contradictions between what he says and the messages he is trying to convey. Outside of Guy Montags house, Captain Beatty comments, "Its perpetual motion; the thing man wanted to invent but never did…Its real beauty is that it destroys responsibilities and consequences…And fire will lift you off my shoulders, clean quick, sure; nothing to rot later. Antibiotic, aesthetic, practical" (Bradbury 115). Captain Beatty tries to use fantastic proclamations about his own life and about society in order to get Montag back into his 'normal behavior. Captain Beatty is a man of many wiles who attempts time and time again to prevent Guy Montag from experiencing a way of life different from the norm of society.

From the many quotes of Captain Beatty throughout the entire novel, his lecture to Montag before the burning of Montags house stands out as the most fascinating. Captain Beatty seems to talk in a very well educated way as if he himself has an extensive knowledge of literature and he, just like Montag, used to take pleasure in books at some time. It seems quite ironic during Captain Beattys speech to Montag that he mentions how disappointed he is that Montag did not consider the consequences of taking books home but then refers to the beauty of fire and how it can destroy responsibilities and consequences. Beatty continually refers to books as dangerous weapons but he is constantly using his knowledge of literature to manipulate Montag. Captain tried to simplify all the problems in the world by making it seem that they would all disappear inside a burning furnace. Captain Beatty is presented in Fahrenheit 451 in a method that distinguishes him from the other characters because he is supposed to be the villain but one cannot doubt that there is good inside of him from the various philosophies he shares with Guy Montag.

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Cinderella Around The World

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Having the universal appeal of a rags-to-riches success story, Cinderella is a well-loved fairytale that has seen successful diffusion through time and space. The story upholds the same plotline, yet over 40 versions exist, with slight variations in themes, use of contrast and symbolism. Possibly the most popular version is Charles Perraults "Cinderilla or Little Glass Slipper," which can be compared to the Grimm Brothers version, "Ash Girl" and the Vietnamese "Story of Tam and Cam."

Perrault uses the literary framework of "Cinderilla" in which to imprint the rules of the traditional French baroque of his time that virtue is rewarded. He praises aristocratic good manners, which Cinderilla exemplifies in returning home before midnight as "she promised her godmother she would not fail of leaving the ball before midnight." The ideal virtues of women are clearly displayed in her beauty, "unparalleled goodness and sweetness of temper," and kindness in sharing fruits with her stepsisters at the ball.

Cinderilla passively awaits redemption from her unfair lifestyle, which arrives when the Prince weds her. This is made possible with the intervention of Cinderillas godmother, who is her guardian and protector. Perraults embellishments of the godmothers magic wand which transforms ordinary objects including a pumpkin into a grand carriage to facilitate Cinderilla to the ball and grant her the glass slippers which lead the Prince to her. It is implied that virtue is rewarded with happiness and a fulfilment of desires, as virtue leads to beauty, and beauty to marriage, which was the main aim in that social context.

Closely linked is the theme of forgiveness in Perraults "Cinderilla," accepted as a feminine archetype. It is demonstrated in Cinderillas pardon of her stepsisters, without consideration of the severeness of their cruelty "she forgave them with all her heart and desired them always to lover her." Cinderilla does not use her new status and power to seek revenge on her stepsisters, instead marrying them to noblemen of the royal court. Forgiveness is thus a virtue that creates peace and fulfilment; it embodies the tradition of a woman to be gracious, which makes them beautiful.Cheap College Papers on Cinderella Around The World

In contrast, forgiveness is entirely absent in the Grimm Brothers "Ash Girl," instead the stepsisters have their eyes pecked out "the pigeons pecked out one eye of each of them." Thus, "for their wickedness and falsehood" they were punished with blindness, which is an answer to their own self-mutilation. In their desperation to marry they cut toes and heels to fit the slipper, yet the slipper becomes bloody. It is a horrid receptacle that symbolises how women sacrifice their bodies, intellects and aspirations in hope of beauty that leads to marriage. The Grimm Brothers focus on real life punishment rather than forgiveness to express the gross injustices of life and how society clearly disapproves of this behaviour, such that it is punished severely.

Personal integrity and ethics is a prominent thematic concern in "Ash Girl". Cinderellas tale describes the journey of a soul; a personal transformation, for she is mistreated, "she had to do hard work from morning till night." She does not transform magically into the beauty that wins the Princes heart as in Perraults version, but maintains personal integrity and pursues good in the face of grave opposition and adversity, such as when the Cinderella eludes the Prince by hiding in a pear tree. Her father, thinking it might be his daughter takes an axe to the tree, "The father thought, 'Can it be Cinderella? and had an axe brought and cut the tree down." Yet she overcomes her fathers contempt, reflecting the deprivations of life as well as the values and faith that perseverance can overcome them.

"The Story of Tam and Cam," from Vietnam also has a less forgiving denouement than Perraults story, with the stepsister being killed brutally in a basin of boiling water. Her stepmother then "wept until she became blind," before dying of a broken heart. Tam, now Queen, survives to "live happily ever after, for she certainly deserved it." The violent, fatal manner in which the villains, symbolised by the stepsister and stepmother, are punished shows that justice is always served. Hence, those who are virtuous will be rewarded, as said in Perraults "Cinderella."

There is distinct contrast between Perraults Cinderilla and her stepsisters to outline Cinderillas good characteristics. Her being a "pretty girl" with "good qualities," sets a rationale for the stepmothers dislike of her because it "made her own daughters so much the more hated and despised." Perrault emphasises the stepsisters obsession with their appearance, "they had looking-glasses so large that they might see themselves at their full length," and the stepmother is portrayed as a domineering wife; "the proudest and most haughty woman that ever was known." Meanwhile Cinderella, the "poor girl," was employed in the "meanest work of the house," as they enjoyed luxurious accommodation that should be hers. These demeaning tasks represent her mistreatment, allowing her characteristics of virtuousness to emerge, as she is denied of her rightful higher status.

Unlike Perraults fairytale, the stepsisters were "beautiful and fair of face" whereas Cinderella was an ordinary girl. The contrast is made in the stepsisters being "vile and black of heart," and Cinderella being a paradigm of "pious and good." Her characteristics reveal that, though not lofty or beautiful, she is supple, enduring hardship to bear the fruit of her labour. For example in planting the branch on her mothers grave, she fertilises it with her tears and cultivates it with her prayers. The magic that blesses her comes from the tree which grows from the grave, outlining the true value achieved through personal transformation.

Similarly, Tam is portrayed as persistent, obedient and dutiful in the Vietnamese version, even returning home for her fathers anniversary while she was Queen, as "at the time it was [the] custom." Her stepsister and stepmother are "wicked," constantly causing her suffering and killing her many times. Yet she is reincarnated into a "nightingale which…sang sweet and melodious songs" and then a golden fruit with a "very sweet smell." Her rebirth into the world and reuniting with the King is symbolic of how virtue is rewarded to those who deserve it.

Each of the 40 or so variants of Cinderella is slightly different in conveying its themes, contrasts and symbols such as in Perraults widely accepted "Cinderella," the Grimm Brothers "Ash Girl" and the Vietnamese "Story of Tam and Cam." Yet, the basic elements of a Cinderella story remain as the tale of a mistreated heroine, whose virtues are rewarded through a (magic) agent of change to achieve eternal happiness, usually in marriage to a Prince. The classic fairytale continues to be enjoyed by both young and old in its universal appeal of a rags-to-riches success story.

Please note that this sample paper on Cinderella Around The World is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Cinderella Around The World, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Cinderella Around The World will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Reaction To Zodiac

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In Neal Stephensons Zodiac, the conception of his own environmental consciousness is fully intertwined with the books theme and, subsequently, within the lives of the main characters. Stephenson effectively positions his characters in roles which reflect his own perception of nature as well as influence the readers. Dolmacher, a prime nemesis of our eco-hero Sangamon Taylor, is essentially depicted as a threat to nature via his position as a genetic engineer. But in accordance with Stephensons own opinion of such a person, Dolmacher is reduced as socially sheepish, a robotic sidekick of an environmentally destructive corporation and eventually, a violent threat. Dolmacher is developed with undesirable personality traits in order to satisfy Stephensons own ideals.

"And there he was, standing out from that suntanned crowd like a dead guppy in a tropical aquarium, tall and slack-faced and not at all sure of himself. Dolmacher" (Zodiac p. 6-7). A proper introduction to our eco-bad guy. This is Stephensons first presentation of Dolmacher; utilizing Sangamon Taylor as a medium to communicate his message. Here, not only is the character revealed as insecure but physically detrimental as well. The author later nabs him as "emotionally retarded" (p. 116) and a bit nerdy when claiming "the coolness of science…acted on him like an endorphin" (p. 7). Dolmachers "stunted personality" (p. 7) is evidently Stephensons mode of presenting a character on the "opposite side of the toxic barricades" (p. 8) and thus, he deflates the character to an idiosyncratic, social cast-away bearing few reputable features.

Of these reputable features, though, Dolmacher is blessed with a chemical wit his chief trait. "We needed him, damn it. Never thought Id say that about Dolmacher, but we did. Hed invented the fucking bugs…" (p. 8). Straight from the mouth of a distressed Taylor, we find that Dolmacher holds an uncontested intelligence. This intelligence seems to be the primary source of his inclusion in the book. Laughlin, president of Dolmachers employer, Biotronics, even holds the same sort of disdain towards his employee. "Laughlin smirked at Dolmacher behind his back" (p. 166) quite transparently sums up the relationship between the two. Dolmachers a genetic engineer pawn in Laughlins game of cover-up-the-toxic-secrets. Later in the book, we find that Biotronics attempts to annihilate Dolmacher via toxic disease. This proves that, aside from his intrinsic aptitude, the company ultimately views him as expendable.

From here, Stephenson accentuates Dolmachers barbaric, aggressive side. The reader is already inclined with the knowledge of his soft spot for war strategy games conducted with paint pellets in the woods but, upon breaking into the mans house, Taylor and company also discover a plethora of other war-related items electronic military toys, military power books, model war strategy games, a model building studio, etc. This evidence is then eradicated in comparison to the dead body found soon thereafter in Dolmachers bathtub. "This guy is a violence freak," (p. 0) proclaims Boone, Taylors partner in eco-terrorism. Dolmacher then takes the reader on a wild ride with a zany assassination attempt. In pursuit of the acclaimed 'violence freak, Taylor consumes psychedelic mushrooms and adds, "Without the drug, I would have been paralyzed by fear of Dolmacher." Order College Papers on Reaction To Zodiac

Overall, the bottom line is this Dolmacher is part of a good guy/bad guy motif. The twist here is that, Sangamon Taylor, the environmental extremist, protector of the waters, is natures hero. Dolmacher, with all of Stephensons pre-conceived defamatory traits is the brains behind natures enemy Biotronics, or industrialism altogether. Since Dolmachers brains just so happen to be his most prominently redeeming trait, he poses a threat to Sangamon Taylors protection of nature and therefore, rounds out Stephensons good guy/bad guy detective classic.

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Dick Posthumous Essay

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Katherine Balint

December 5, 00

Political Science

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For this assignment, I chose Dick Posthumus because it seemed like most of the class was doing their report on Jennifer Granholm. I figured that I could offer some variety! I also chose Posthumus because my family always votes republican and I wanted to see how he stood on certain issues.

As for my journal, all of the articles came from the internet. The two sites I used were www.freep.com, which is the Detroit Free Press website, and www.mel.org, which is an excellent site that just recently was put online. Mel stands for Michigan eLibrary, and this is a wonderful resource that only requires you to put in your drivers license number (to make sure youre a Michigan resident). Underlying themes in the articles seemed to be whether the writer liked Posthumus or not. Some articles were very positive, some negative. Most of the articles tended to stick to what issues Posthumus was for, but seemed more concerned with his image.

The first chapter I can link to this project is chapter one. It goes over the basic nature of politics. Since this paper is mainly about one of the main factors our very government is based upon, electing officials to represent the whole, the concepts reviewed are fitting. Politics played a deep role in this past election, and are talked about in chapter one. Also talked about is the whole idea of a

Katherine Balint

representative democracy, which is why there was even an election in the first place.

The second chapter linked this to the paper is chapter four, which deals with public opinion and mass media. This chapter has a lot to do with the political event of an election. Public opinion can make or break an election, it will not matter if you are the best choice, if one has an unfavorable appearance to the public, it will prove much more difficult to win. Media is also a big factor in elections. Television greatly influences voters, sometimes being their main source of information. Newspapers and increasingly, the internet, both provide information on candidates and their platforms.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Volkomer, Walter E., American Government th ed.

www.freep.com

www.mel.org

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