NAtive Americans

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Study Guide

Vocabulary

Cheap University Papers on NAtive Americans

Glaciers thick sheets of ice

Artifacts- objects made by humans

Archaeology- study of evidence left by early people

Adobe- sun dried bricks

Pueblos- houses that could shelter hundreds of families, villages

Drought- long dry spell

Culture area- a region in which people share a similar way of life.

Igloos houses of snow and ice

Kayaks small skin boats

Potlatch ceremonial dinner

Kiva underground chamber where men had religious ceremonies

Hogans houses made of mud plaster over a framework of

Wooden poles.

Tepees cone shaped tents

Travois sleds

Long houses Houses shared by several Iroqouis families

Sachems tribal chiefs were called

Civilization advanced culture

Hieroglyphics writing that uses pictures to represent words and

Ideas.

Section 1

-In the far north a land bridge now known as Beringia, joined Siberia in northeastern Asia to Alaska in North America.

-Native Americans are descendants of the first people to reach the Americas thousands of years ago.

-From artifacts and other evidence, archaeologists form theories about the culture of ancient people.

oIncludes behavior, customs , ideas, and beliefs

-Mound Builders lived about ,000 years ago till the 1700s

oAmong them were the Hopewell and Mississippians

oThe first mounds were burial grounds, probably for important leaders.

oSometime between the 700 and 1500 , the Mississippians built a large city at Cahokia , in present day Illinois.

-The Hohokams lived in present day southern Arizona.

-Anasazi means ancient ones.

- Farmed desert by using irrigation

- Built large, multi storied houses walls made of adobe.

Houses that could fit hundreds of families called

Pueblos.

Section

-with in each culture area there were many tribes. A tribe was a group of villages or settlements that shared common customs, languages, and rituals

Peoples of the North

oArctic and Sub arctic , In both reagions adapted to harsh climates

-Arctic frozen seas and icy.

oInuits were the people that lived there

oIn winter, they built igloos.

oIn spring they paddled there Kayaks

-Subarctic faced severe environment

oMoved from place to place, hunting moose and caribou fish

Peoples of the West

-Great Basin Lies in the dry intermountain region of the United States

oPeople that lived there were the Utes and Shoshones

oThey hunted rabbits

oWhen they camped the built shelters out of willow poles and reeds.

-Plateau Lived between the Rocky Mountains to the east and

The cascades to the west.

oHunted and gathered nuts, roots, and berries.

-California Coastal people fished in the Oceans and rivers

oHunted deer, rabbits, and elk, or collected berries and nuts.

Peoples of the Southwest

-Southwest Built adobe houses and farmed

oPeople that lived their were the Hepi and Zuni

oMost houses had a kiva

oIn 1500 Apache and Navajo arrive in Southwest.

People of the Great Plains

-Great plains They built their sod homes or tepees

oPeople that lived their Black foot and Sioux

oFarmers hunted on foot

Peoples of the Southeast

-Southeast had warm climate, and fertile soil

oPeople that lived there Natchez and Cherokee

oMost people lived in villages and farmed homes made out of wood.

Peoples of the Eastern Woodland

-Eastern woodlands Hunters and farmers.

oPeople that lived there Shawhee and Iroquois.

oIroquois build long houses.

o5 nations make up the league of the Iroquis

Mohawk

Senac

Onandaga

Oieda

Kaygoo

LocationPeopleLifestyle

Great BasinUtes and ShoshonesHunted rabbits

South westHepi and ZuniHunting

Great PlainsBlack foot , SiouxHunted and build sod homes and tepees

South eastNatchez , CherokeeHunting, fishing, farming

Eastern woodlandsIroquoisHunting , farming

ArcticInuitHunting , fishing

Northwest coastKwakiutlsFishing

Section

The Mayas Live in southern Mexico and Guatemala.

-Farming techniques

oCut down trees and drained swamps.

oGrew corn

-Large cities

oTikal and Copan

-Mayan Empire

oEach had its own ruler and traded with each other

-The top of societys

oWere the priests

-Achievements

oGood in astronomy

oMath

oCalendar

oHieroglyphics

The Aztec- Lived in Central Mexico because of the legend built capital

City.

-Capital City

oTenochititlas on an island in lake Texaccoco

-Connected to the main land

oBy causeways

-Farming techniques

oFloating gardens

-Religion

o18 month calendar, sun god central to Aztec life.

oSacrificed 10,000 POWS to god each year

The Incas Lived along the western coast of South America.

-Capital city

oCuzco

-Farming techniques

oTerrace farming on mountain side

-Road networks

oComplex

oConnected all parts of the empire

-Achievements

oMedicines

oQuinine treats malaria

oBrain surgery

oAspirin

-Religion

oTemples lined with gold

Section 4

Vikings came from Scandinavia

- Settled around the year 1000 in present day new found land

- Encounter carribean

- In 14 Columbus landed in a carribbean island with people name

Tainos

-Columbus and Europeans had no respect for Native Americans

-Influences of Native American cultures on Europeans and the world.

oFood and Farming potatoes, beans, corn, tomatoes, squash, peanuts, pineapple, and blueberries.

Language moose, raccoon, poncho, moccasin, hobaggan, hammocks, Alabama, Texas, Mississippi, and parkas.

o

oTechnology Learned how to use metal from Europeans. Taught hunting skills and planting techniques. In the north they showed Europeans how to use snowshoes and trap fur bearing animals.

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Don't Have One Yet

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Dont Have One Yet but planning on writing one. Heres one that you already have....The short story "Carnal Knowledge", by T. Coraghessan Boyle, is the story of one mans inner conflict between his lust for a beautiful activist, and his own convictions. Despite his lack of interest in Animal Rights issues, he finds himself embroiled in a steadily escalating fight for its cause. This struggle exists not because of any moral obligations, however, but to win the respect of his dear Alena, who personifies the saying Love me, love my cause. Because of the internal clash of interest, the story absolutely drips with irony. It is this irony that draws me to the story. Through this ironic conflict, the author defines the main character, moves the plot through its most significant actions, and develops the theme of the danger present in trying to share others ideals in order to gain acceptance. The main character, Jim, makes his opinion on the issue of Animal Rights known very early on. Beef, mutton, pork, venison, dripping burgers, and greasy ribs - it was all the same to me, food, the bodys fuel, something to savor a moment on the tongue before the digestive tract went to work on it. (4) However, he is willing to hide his convictions for the sake of a beautiful girl he meets on the beach, ironically, while being pissed on by her dog. His immediate thoughts of aggression towards the dog melt away, as he glances at its owner. I was on my feet now, murderous, glad to see that the thing was hobbled - it would simplify the task of running it down and beating it to death. (4) Alenas appearance stupefies him, and he is easily taken in by her easy grace. I was a little disconcerted at this point - I was the one whod been pissed on, after all - but my anger was gone. (4) In this encounter, we begin to see the truly transient nature of Jims emotions. This speaks volumes about the type of person he, and perhaps we all, are. As Alena becomes closer and closer to Jim, her cause becomes more and more ingrained upon him. Suddenly, protesting Animal Abuse becomes commonplace, and Guerilla Actions doesnt quite seem out of the question anymore. The fact that Jim doesnt half believe in the cause seems irrelevant, as he is just as incensed as the other protestors. "Alena slashed in the air with her limp mink, and the blood sang in my ears. Murderer! I screamed, getting into it. Torturer, Nazi! The strings in my neck grew very tight. I didnt know what I was saying,(47) The appearance of Rolfe, however, changes matters. While he is still naïve enough to participate in the Turkey raid, the cold wall of reality is fast approaching. The very next morning, Alena leaves for Wyoming, and Jim forlornly starts back for home, his activist pretensions shed. Were the plague on this planet, dont you know that? Suddenly I was angry. Seething. Here Id crouched in the bushes all night, covered in turkey crap, and now I was part of a plague. I was on my feet. No, I dont know that. (54) The final plot element to affect his internal struggle is the fate of the turkeys he toiled to save. The sight of their viscera spread across the highway does not disgust him, but quite the opposite occurs. This final failure of his life as an activist returns his personal perspective. Jim has come full-circle, to dwell once again in the world of Murderers and Torturers. I thought only of the cavern opening inside me and how to fill it.Meat, and I spoke

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Scroogy

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Times can and will change, people can and will change, and in Charles Dickenss A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer Scrooge could and did change. In the beginning of the tale, we see him as a cruel, miserly and insensitive old man and after he has his dreams, he is no longer that, but a caring, sympathetic and generous man instead.

In the first stave of the story, Scrooges character was revealed as unkind, uncharitable and overall cruel. He refuses to heat his own office, much less that of his impoverished yet hard working clerk and even goes so far as to try and deny him a Christmas break, stating that his clerk was trying to rob him of the wages he would dole out for the day of vacation. This shows us that he is miserly and cruel, typically what we would call cheap. When the association of men comes looking for donations to help the unfortunate, he not only says no, he goes so far as to say they should decrease the excess population and do it quickly. He feels no qualms or inner guilt for saying such a heartless thing, but feels triumphant and pleased. When his beloved sisters child invites him to his familys Christmas dinner, he rejected the offer in a less than gracious fashion, ignoring his nephews earnest pleads and overtures of friendship and love.[p.4] Scrooge shows no compassion or caring in any of the scenarios stated. He cares not for those surrounding him or those who try to be good to him, but cares only for his financial well being.

We begin to see the transformation in Stave Two when the first ghost, the Ghost of Christmas Past, takes Scrooge back to his boyhood school. The ghost shows him the Christmas where his sister Fan came to bring him home. It is the first time that we see any positive emotion in Scrooge and he begins to babble about all of the good memories from that time in his life. The Ghost of Christmas Past also takes him to his first employers building. He fondly recounts the memories of working there and the parties that Old Fezziwig, as he is called, gave to bring joy. Scrooge defends the parties to the Ghost of Christmas Past; saying that Fezziwig had the power to make his workers either miserable or joyous and he chose the former. He praised Fezziwig for his effort and went so far as to admit that "the happiness he gave is as great as if it cost a fortune."[p.6] The ghost also takes him back to his time with his love, Bess. They are having a disagreement about whether Scrooge had changed from a loving, caring person to a financially driven cold man. Scrooge is greatly upset by seeing Bess leave him once again and begs the ghost to take him home and show him no more.[p.8] The cold shell that was formed so many years around Ebenezer Scrooge is beginning to fall away.

In Stave , Scrooge is still changing. He begins questioning why so many are without common necessaries and common comforts and blames the Ghost of Christmas Present for this deprivation.[p.6] When the ghost takes him to the Cratchit residency, he looks upon the joy they share in simply being together and begins to sympathize with his over worked clerk. His heart aches at the probable demise of Tiny Tim and he demands the sparing of the child.[p.40] Not long after questioning the fate of Tiny Tim, Bob thankfully toasts to Scrooge. Scrooge is flattered until Mrs. Cratchit breaks in, angrily ranting about his miserliness. Scrooge is greatly affected by his Christmas visit to the Cratchits. He realizes that they live very poorly and is quite sorry. He resolves to be kinder and more generous to the Cratchits and the poor in general. Cheap University Papers on Scroogy

The last episode of change occurs in Stave 4. The Ghost of Christmas Future escorts Scrooge into the future, showing him his grave and the peasants laboring over it. They are laughing about his death and the way he saved every penny. Scrooge is deeply saddened by the fact that the only mourners to attend his funeral were to be there simply out of need for food.[p.5] The ghost then takes him to a scene where robbers are getting items appraised from his home. The thieves show no remorse and joke over him being there while they ransacked his house. This makes him fearful and anxious about what might happen. He vows to be a better man and be more generous to all.[p.6]

When he wakes up that morning, he is delighted to be alive. He bubbles over with good intentions and checks to make sure all is as it was when he fell asleep. The first thing he does is order a huge turkey to be taken to the Cratchit home on Christmas morning.[p.64] This shows his change perfectly. Not only is he happy that Bob is sharing time with his family, he is willing to supplement the material aspect of it and receive no recognition. The mere thought of helping the Cratchits makes him giddy. He also runs into one of the men that were collecting funds for the needy and makes a generous donation to them.[p.66] The man is very surprised and all that Scrooge can do is laugh. To his nephews is where Scrooge goes next. He wants to begin a relationship with Fred and his wife and makes an answer to Freds previous question about being friends after all. Among many other things, Scrooge raises Bobs salary and offers to help support the Cratchits.

Scrooge made a one hundred percent turn around. He is, at the end of the story, as kind and as generous as any man could be expected to be, as avidly interested in his fellow mans welfare as he was previously in his bank account, as happy and giddy as a small child in a first snow. As was the stated theory earlier, times can and do change, people can and do change, but Scrooge could and did change.

Please note that this sample paper on Scroogy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Scroogy, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Scroogy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!