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Thursday, May 14, 2020

UN roles in the wrold

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Should outside nations or the UN become involved in civil wars or should people be left to do their own fighting?


Civil War has great repercussions, some more obvious than others. The time old saying "let them fight it out amongst themselves" has been exhausted, due to the inability of humankind to blatantly ignore the Social & Economic costs of civil conflict. Civil War creates many adverse consequences, of which are suffered not only by the active combatants but also by civilians. Many of these consequences accumulate long after the war is over. This essay shall discuss the adverse economic & social consequences of Civil War, the repercussions that may occur without the involvement of United Nations and outside nations, and lastly the effects Civil War has had on a handful countries (both socially & economically).


Firstly, Civil war is an economic catastrophe for the country at conflict. During a civil war a society diverts some of its resources from productive activities such as food production to destruction (fighting the war). With the shift in resource production focused on destruction, it creates a subsequent loss. The first loss is governments increase their military expenditure and this directly reduces economic growth. During civil war governments spend almost double their GDP on the military resources. This is likely to cause a decrease in other public expenditures such as infrastructure and health.


The main economic losses from civil war arise from the direct destruction of infrastructure. During the war rebel forces, target physical infrastructure as a part of their strategy. The main targets are the enemys communication and support lines, such as telecommunications, airports, ports, roads and bridges. In addition to this strategic destruction of key infrastructure, rebels and government soldiers loot and destroy housing, schools and health facilities. Where possible the United Nations intervenes before a conflict can escalate, to prevent destruction of infrastructure. Cheap custom writing service can write essays on UN roles in the wrold


But occasionally it is hard to gauge the exact seriousness of a situation thus, delaying the initial deployment of UN Peace Keeping Missions.


An example is Mozambique. About 40% of immobile capital in the agricultural, communications and administrative sector was destroyed. The pre-war transport system had been a large foreign income earner as goods were transported from and to the neighboring states of Malawi, Zimbabwe, Swaziland and South Africa. When civil conflict arose in Mozambique this badly damaged the transportation of goods destroying a large sector of their economy (Elbe, 00). This occurred before UN intervened thus showing that, if United Nations were to have acted earlier maybe this economic damage may have been deterred.


Secondly, Civil War creates a very concerning social consequence. The direct human effects of civil war are fatalities and population displacements. The composition of these victims is drastically different in the modern civil war from the wars of the early twentieth century; the impact has shifted from military personnel to civilians. At the beginning of the 0th century about 0% of the victims were soldiers. By the 10s nearly 0% of the casualties resulting from armed conflict were civilian (Elbe, 00). The United Nations (& outside nations) recognizes the ramifications of not becoming involved in civil Wars mainly death and bloodshed.


Mortality rates only capture one element of the human consequences of conflict; however they are a useful outline of the crisis, its devastation and its impact. There is other human damage as a consequence of conflict such as depression and psychological effects, but mortality rates have been one of the most accurately measured indicators in war surroundings. As you would have thought, the mortality effect depends upon the duration of the conflict, consider a typical five-year war. During a civil war infant mortality increases by 1%( that is 1 in 1000 children under 5yrs old).


While it might be imagined that the rise in adult mortality is because of the greater exposure of adults to the risk of combat death, few of these adult deaths are directly combat-related deaths find that the most important cause of the indirect deaths of civil war are infectious diseases (Elbe, 00). Of these, malaria is the most significant fatal disease. The death of combatants is only a very minor component of the overall rise in mortality. These numbers confirm that civil wars kill far more civilians even after the conflict is over than the number of combatants that die during the conflict.


Furthermore, Civil War can also cause psychological problems trauma and depression being the main health issues that arise from conflict.


The case of Bosnia


It is estimated that the recent war in Bosnia and Herzegovina caused more than 50000 deaths, created more than million refugees and internally displaced persons, and wounded 00000 people in Bosnia and Herzegovina alone. Recent epidemiological studies have revealed that the psychiatric morbidity associated with mass violence in civilian and refugee populations is elevated when compared with non-traumatized communities. Clinical reports of Bosnian refugees in treatment show rates of depressive symptoms ranging from 145 to 1% and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms rates ranging from 18% to 5% (Mollica et al. 1). The United Nations intervention in this case created slow but effective infrastructure. The UN provided make shift homes for the displaced Bosnian people, allowing them temporary homes, which were overcrowded and lacking adequate waste facilities.


Thirdly, the aftermath of civil War is a major rebuilding phase. Civil wars reduce the efficient use of resources that are allocated to public health, and those reductions in efficiency extend into the post-civil war period. Additionally, often refugees and internally displaced people do not return to there original homes after the war ends (due to trauma faced or fear), but remain in makeshift camps for years. Therefore population is also exposed to conditions that increase the risk of infections in the post-conflict period.


Civil wars produce strong pressures to constrain the level of resources allocated to the public health care system in the aftermath of war. Leaders in post-civil war governments face multiple and pressing competing demands for public expenditure. Civil wars produce basic needs of economic reconstruction, rebuilding armed forces, judicial system & infrastructure.


Post civil War countries opt for stronger military expenditure rather than healthcare, which is undeniably reasonable, as they have just endured civil War. The drawback of that is, slower Post civil War recovery.


Without United Nations intervention Post civil war countries find it hard to restructure themselves efficiently and effectively, simply they need to be shown how they can best restore their country to a sustainable level.


Further more, the United Nations, when involved in the peacekeeping conflict endeavor to rebuild and reconstruct a reasonable standard of living (although temporary). This provides the post civil war country with the basis on which it can restructure itself politically, socially & economically.


In this way it is beneficial that the United Nations and outside nations when involved in conflict, or peacekeeping ensure that they recreate infrastructure for civilians to once again get on with their lives.


Lastly, United Nations intervention at times of civil war is crucial. It helps ensure peace and safety to the war torn country and allows some stability in what otherwise was or is an unstable environment. It helps begin the basic process of getting back on track infrastructure process and a means of life for civilians whom have been disadvantaged by civil conflict.


Example of East Timor. East Timor received independence from Indonesia in 001. East Timor already had poor or little infrastructure so when civil war occurred it just destroyed their basic infrastructure. The United Nations and outside countries including Australia helped with restoring of infrastructure to East Timor. The United Nations allows a period of 5-10 years stay dependant on stability of a country, during this time it will create infrastructure and educate the East Timorese into having the ability to create the own infrastructure.


However, in some cases where the UN has intervened in civil war, the basic healthcare and infrastructure provided is an inadequate environment for people whom are traumatized by war. Civilians who need psychiatric help often find make shift towns and their resources inadequate and too overcrowded to deal with their condition and as a result can pass the condition onto their children (generational trauma).


In summing up,


The United Nations and outside nations should have a role in civil wars, to protect civilians and restore infrastructure to war torn environment. The United Nations and outside nations should also ensure that civil unrest and conflicts are detected prior to the onset of social and economic instability, which are attributes of civil war. Concurrent involvement of the United Nations as a mediator may also prevent the causes of civil war, if people in a country can live as one and can have their own say, there may be a means of negotiation to resolve conflicts.


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Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Discriptive essay

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Gilgamesh Victory


"Dont listen to Humbabas plea!" Enkidu yelled at Gilgamesh. With his life on the line Humbaba plead for his life. Struggling in confusion, Gilgamesh did not know what he should do. Should he kill him or set him free; however if he set him free he will continue to kill others who enter the Cedar Forest. His heart was pounding fast like a herd of horses running through the battlefield. In his head, thinking to himself, " Should I let this poor creature go and return to his mother? Is this creature telling the truth or is he lying? Will he be my servant for life just like he said? My head is filled with many questions! What should I do?" While Gilgamesh was figuring out what to do, Enkidu broke his thoughts and yelled, " if you set him free, he will return to his mother and you will be the one who dies."


Gilgamesh decided to listen to his friends advice. Grabbing his axe, "the might of Heroism", from the ground and the sword from his belt he slashed the giant on the leg. Cracking his leg in two Humbaba then fell and crash to the ground. Screaming and yelling in pain, the giant try to fight back but he could not because the mighty wind stopped him from moving. His axe and sword was filled with the giants blood. The


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blood was dripping down from his sword and axe like rain falling from the dark clouds. The ground is red like sunshine.


Gilgamesh eyes are filled with fire and fury. He could feel the courage to fight and kill the giant. Staring at the giants eye to eye, he then raises his axe up high over the giants head. Taking a deep breath and swinging with all his might, he hit the giants neck as fast as a lightnings strike. The axe cut the throat of the giant from left to right. Dropping down his axe and sword Gilgameshs was shock and surprise that the giant is still breathing. " With another strike he will die", Gilgamesh said to himself. Standing in front of the giant like a stone, Enkidu then slid along the ground like a ram making its final strike, on the wounded neck of Humbaba. Humbabas head snapped out of his body and roll along the ground. It stops at Gilgameshs bottom feet. Gilgamesh was in a trance. I could not believe what he had just done. However, he snapped back to reality and realized that he had just defeated the giant.


Gilgamesh and Enkidu have now killed the giant, who has been guarding the Cedar Forest of Lebanon. Gilgamesh has now made a name for himself. He will be remembered for what he has done to the invincible giant known as Humbaba. His name will be legend and will be passed on and talked about. The victory is now his for the taking.


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Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Ethics

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Ethics are the standards of right and wrong. They are the standards and values which influence our conduct and behavior. Ethics are sometimes called morals and the study of ethics is sometimes called moral philosophy. In the history of ethics there are three principal standards of conduct. These standards are happiness or pleasure; duty, virtue, or obligation; and perfection which is the most complete development of human potential. All people who have attempted to determine ethics have based their decision according to two chief principles. The first is that they think of something as right and the second is that the rest of society thinks of something as right. Therefore there is no real definition of what good ethics are; instead it is a personal choice. Your idea of good ethics may be entirely different from someone elses idea of good ethics. Ethics are an individuals personal value system and without them our society would be in chaos. (158)


The coming of Christianity marked a huge change in ethics, because it introduced a religious idea of what is good into our thoughts. In the view of a true Christian a person is completely dependent on God and cannot achieve righteousness through intelligence but only with the help of God. The main Christian ethical belief is "So whatever you wish that men would do to you, do so to them" - Matthew 71.


Work ethics is the desire to produce quality work and to give your best effort at everything that you do. Some qualities which determine good work ethics are integrity, reliability, perseverance, and the desire to succeed. Procrastination means putting off doing something because of habitual carelessness and laziness. Procrastination is one of the biggest signs of poor work ethics.


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Good work ethics can be achieved by arriving on time and giving advance notice of absence if necessary, displaying loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness, dependability, reliability, initiative, self-discipline, and self-responsibility, respecting the rights of others; being a team worker and being cooperative, having appropriate clothing, grooming, hygiene and etiquette, demonstrating a positive attitude, being productive, having skills in personal management, time management, prioritizing, flexibility, stress management and the ability to deal with change, having appropriate verbal and nonverbal


skills, having leadership skills while maintaining appropriate relationships with supervisors and peers, and dealing appropriately with diversity and treating everyone with respect.


Work ethics affect every aspect of our lives whether we realize it or not. Work ethics or lack there of are the driving force for everything we do or dont do. Most people who have achieved success have achieved it through good work ethics. A perfect example of this would be multi-billionaire Bill Gates. Bill Gates started out building computers out of his garage. His financial status was no different then that of the average working class American. However Bill Gates triumphed over adversity and rose to be the richest man in the world. He wasnt born into his 40 billion dollars; he had to work for every penny of it. He showed incredibly good work ethics because he started his computer business very young and quickly shaped it into what it is now. Similarly most people arent born into an incredibly wealthy family but instead they have to work to build a life. In order to build a good life and have a secure future good work ethics are required. You can tell that you have good work ethics when you are working hard and achieving the goals that you have set for yourself. Conversely if you tend to procrastinate or if you lack productivity then it is apparent that you do not have good work ethics and you are not motivated.


Study ethics are similar to work ethics except they deal mainly with academics rather then all types of work. Study ethics are based on the same principles as work ethics such as attendance, attitude, productivity, organizational skills, cooperation, and respect. An example of good study ethics is not waiting until the last second to do your assignments, or doing your homework every night and showing up on time for class every day. Study ethics are being aware of what you have to do and then doing it rather than waiting and procrastinating.


From a students point of view study ethics are very important to succeed in school. Without study ethics a student cannot develop the skills he or she needs to eventually become a productive member of our society. Study ethics and work ethics go hand in hand for a student. If the student has poor work ethics then it likely that they lack study ethics as well. Benefits of good work and study ethics are success in any academic facility as well as success in attaining and maintaining employment. On the contrary consequences of having poor work and study


ethics are being unable to keep a steady job and struggling through school.


In the words of Vigil an early Roman poet "Persistent work triumphed" meaning, constant labor leads to your ultimate success and unless you have work ethic all of your dreams will remain nothing but dreams. However if you work hard and keep trying then one day your dreams will become your reality and you will achieve the success you have worked for. Similar to the quote by Virgil, Euripides once said "Great effort equals great results" Euripides. This quote means the more effort you put into a task the better the results are. So if you have good work ethics then you will put forward a consistently good effort and will achieve good results.


It can be said that idle hands are dangerous hands. This is evident in the quote "Work is the grand cure of all of the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind" Thomas Carlyle. This quote means that if everyone in the world would do their fair share of work then the world would be a much better place and mankind as a species would be flourishing instead of killing each other in acts of greed and hatred. Similarly Albert Einstein said "Everything that is really great and inspiring is created by the individual who can labour in freedom." Albert Einstein. This quote means that if we can learn to work without being forced to do so then we will yield good results. It can also be said that "The secret of happiness is not in doing what one likes, but in liking what one has to do." - James M. Barrie. This means that true happiness doesnt come from getting your way all the time and doing whatever you want to do. Instead it comes from enjoying the work that you have to do, because you will get satisfaction from a job well done. If you only do what you want to do then it will eventually catch up with because you will have neglected to do the essentials.


It has been said that Work banishes those three great evils boredom, vice and poverty. Voltaire. This quote reiterates the point made earlier that idle hands can be dangerous hands. If you keep yourself busy with constructive activities then you will be conquering boredom because you will be busy doing something, vice because your mind will be focused on work rather than practicing evil, and poverty because you will be compensated for the work that youre doing.


We should always try and practice good work and study ethics because the work that we do is a reflection of ourselves. This point is demonstrated in the quote "Every mans work, whether it be literature, or music or pictures or architecture or anything else, is always a portrait of himself." - Samuel Butler. This quote shows us that in order to put forward a good image of ourselves we must give our best effort at everything that we do. In order to put forth a good image of ourselves we must put forward our best effort in everything we do. As Thomas Edison once said "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." - Thomas Edison. This quote means that the only way to achieve greatness is through a great deal of work because inspiration means nothing if you dont have the work ethic to follow through with your plans. Personally I have many philosophies on both work and study ethics. Study ethics has helped to achieve what I consider academic success this semester. Last semester however was a different story. I was too easily distracted and therefore couldnt concentrate on my school work. When exam time came I really had to buckle down and go through countless hours of studying so that I could keep my average high enough. If I had better work and study ethics last semester then I would have made the principals list rather then the honors roll. In my opinion without good work and study ethics you cannot achieve anything. People may argue that athletes do not need good study ethics and they are successful, but this would not be entirely true because most athletes are drafted out of university and in order to get into university you must have good study ethics. Athletes also have good work ethics because it takes a tremendous amount of discipline to stay in good physical shape.


In conclusion work ethics and study ethics are essential to humans. Without ethics there would be chaos and everyone would be doing what they want to do. In other words there would be total anarchy without ethics. In order to maintain order in our lives and function as a society we have to fulfill our commitments as decent human beings and make positive contributions as individuals. In closing "Commitments are only as strong as the will to fulfill them" Pierre Trudeau


Please note that this sample paper on Ethics is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Ethics, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Ethics will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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