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Women played a vital role in Adolf Hitlers plan to create an ideal German Community (Volksgemeinschaft). Hitler believed a larger, racially purer population would enhance Germanys military strength and provide settlers to colonize conquered territory in Eastern Europe. The Third Reichs aggressive population policy encouraged racially pure women to bear as many Aryan children as possible.
This policy took its most radical form in 16 when SS leaders created the state-directed program known as Lebensborn (Fount of Life). These were not buildings that were hidden away in some back street. "The government openly publicised them and they had a white flag with a red dot in the middle to identify them to the public."
Lebensborn homes sheltered illegitimate offspring and their mothers, provided birth documents and financial support, and recruited adoptive parents for the children. The 16 Lebensborn ordinance prescribed "that every SS member should father four children, in or out of wedlock". In the end, however, the Lebensborn program was never promoted aggressively. Instead, Nazi population policy concentrated on the family and marriage.
The state encouraged the Law for the Encouragement of marriage, through marriage loans, dispensed family income supplements for each new child, This law stated that all newly married couples would get a government loan of 100 marks which was about months average income. 800,000 newly weds took up this offer. This loan was not to be simply paid back. The birth of one child meant that quarter of the loan did not have to be paid back. Two children meant that 50% of the loan need not be paid back; four children meant that the entire loan was cleared.
Publicly honoured child-rich families, bestowed the Cross of Honour of the German Mother on women bearing four or more babies, August 1th had been the birthday of Hitlers mother. On this day each year, the Motherhood Cross was awarded to women who had given birth to the largest number of children. The gold cross went to women who had produced 8 children; silver was for 6 children and bronze was for 4 children
Such was the desire to increase the German population that in 14, a law was discussed among Nazi leaders that all women - married or single - should have 4 children and that the fathers of these children had to be racially pure. Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, was particularly keen on this idea. If a family already had four children, the father from that family had to be released to father more children outside of his marriage. This law never came into being as even the Nazi leaders realised that this law would create social anarchy.
During the election campaign in 1, Adolf Hitler promised that if he gained power he would take 800,000 women out of employment within four years. In August 1 a law was passed that enabled married couple to obtain loans to set up homes and start families.
The decline in unemployment after the Nazis gained power meant that it was not necessary to force women out of manual work. However, action was taken to reduce the number of women working in the professions. Married women doctors and civil servants were dismissed in 14 and from June 16 women could no longer act as judges or public prosecutors. Hitlers hostility to women was shown by his decision to make them ineligible to jury service because he believed them to be unable to think logically or reason objectively, since they are ruled only by emotion.
As housewives and mothers, their lives were controlled. Women were not expected to wear make-up or trousers. The dyeing of hair was not allowed nor were perms. Only flat shoes were expected to be worn. Women were discouraged from dieting as this was considered bad for child birth. Women were encouraged to have a well built figure as slim women, so it was taught, would have problems in pregnancy. Women were also discouraged from smoking - not because it was linked to problems with pregnancies - but because it was considered non-German to do so. Women knew not to wear cosmetics or revealing clothing because Hitler believed that a proper German woman should not flaunt her sexuality in front of a man.
From their earliest years, girls were taught in their schools that all good German women married at a young age to a proper German and that the wifes task was to keep a decent home for her working husband and to have children.
On the 6th of January, 14, Hitler gave a speech
" Detest women who dabble in politics. And if their dabbling extends to military matters it becomes utterly unendurable. In no section of the Party has a woman ever had the right to hold even the smallest post. In 14 we had a sudden upsurge of women who were interested in politics. They wanted to join the Reichstag, in order to raise the moral level of that body, so they said. I told them that 0 per cent of the matters dealt with by parliament were masculine affairs, on which they could not have opinions of any value. Gallantry forbids one to give women an opportunity of putting themselves in situations that do not suit them."
Hitler did not really believe that women were intelligent enough to do more than bear a healthy baby. Hitler despised womens weak nature and did not want them competing for jobs with men who were far superior than them. Despite Hitlers wishes to keep women out of the work force in order to pave the way for men, with the onset of World War II, he was forced to ask for their help. With all of his capable men gone to fight the war, Hitler enlisted the help of women to keep the German economy going. Women could be found working in artillery factories and spent some time farming. Hitler relied on these women to help his country through the war.
Hitler wanted healthy and legitimate babies for his new Germany. He wanted women to act like women and stop trying to be men. This is part of the reason why he tried to remove women from the work force. One would think that most women would be against Hitlers policies because it took away their rights as human beings. However, many women embraced Hitlers program. Many women agreed with him that women should return to their traditional roles as housewives. The truth is that many women were frightened of their own independence. This fact also explains why women were such large supporters of the Nazi party. In fact, women made up the majority of Nazi party supporters. Hitler was well aware of the fact that women were his primary supporters. He knew that without the good women of Germany, he would have never reached his pinnacle of power.
One major issue with women in the Nazi party must be highlighted. They were not allowed to hold any positions of political power with the Nazi party, in spite of the fact that they by far made up the majority. This is just another example of how Hitlers prejudice towards women colored his judgment.
Common rhymes for women were;
Take hold of kettle, broom and pan,
Then youll surely get a man!
Shop and office leave alone, Your true life work lies at home.
From this rhyme the society can truly see that Germany was very strict about what the womens job in her life, this included cooking and cleaning for her husband.
Women were treated differently to men in both the political and social factors, through out the years of the Third Reich the woman had come to realise their position in society. They were rewarded for having children, young and unmarried women were encouraged to show their femineity through the Lebensborn homes. Here they were to have sexual encounters with the SS men so they were able to bear a racially pure baby for the future Army of Germany.
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