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Thursday, October 1, 2020

Network Report

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Network Report (Ethernet and LANs)


Due date 1th September


Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for LAN networking. When it first began to be widely deployed in the 180s, Ethernet supported a maximum theoretical data rate of 10 megabits per second (Mbps). More recently, Fast Ethernet standards have extended traditional Ethernet technology to 100 Mbps peak, and Gigabit Ethernet technology extends performance up to 1000 Mbps. Gigabit Ethernet, a transmission technology based on the Ethernet frame format and protocol used in local area networks (LANs), provides a data rate of 1 billion bits per second (one gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet is defined in the IEEE 80. standard and is currently being used as the backbone in many enterprise networks.


Higher-level network protocols like Internet Protocol use Ethernet as their transmission medium. Data travels over Ethernet in the form of frames. The run length of Ethernet cables is limited (to roughly 100 meters), but various special-purpose devices exist that make Ethernet a cost-effective option for networking an entire large school or office building. Buy cheap Network Report term paper


In the mid-10s, Fast Ethernet technology matured and met its design goals of a) increasing the performance of traditional Ethernet while b) avoiding the need to completely re-cable existing Ethernet networks. Fast Ethernet comes in two major varieties


100Base-T (using unshielded twisted pair cable)


100Base-FX (using fiber optic cable)


By far the most popular of these is 100Base-T, a standard that includes 100Base-TX (Category 5 UTP), 100Base-T (Category or better UTP), and 100Base-T4 (100Base-T cabling modified to include two additional wire pairs).


Whereas Fast Ethernet improved traditional Ethernet from 10 Megabit to 100 Megabit speed, Gigabit Ethernet boasts the same order-of-magnitude improvement over Fast Ethernet by offering speeds of 1000 Megabits (1 Gigabit). Gigabit Ethernet was first made to travel over optical and copper cabling, but the 1000Base-T standard successfully supports it as well. 1000Base-T uses Category 5 cabling similar to 100 Mbps Ethernet, although achieving gigabit speed requires the use of additional wire pairs.


LANs


A LAN (also known as local area network) helps with the sharing of resources like files, printers, games or other applications. A LAN provides networking capabilities to a group of computers in close range such as in an office building, a school, or a home. In simple terms, a LAN is a something that can help connect a group of computers in close proximity and allows all these connected computers to share files. A LAN often in turn will connect to other LANs and to the Internet or a WAN. Most LANs are built with relatively inexpensive hardware such as Ethernet cables, network adapters, and hubs. Wireless and other more advanced LAN hardware options are also available.


WLAN


Wireless Local Area Network is one of the fastest growing sectors in the computing industry. WLAN provide flexibility, convenience, and productivity. Wireless LANs are a good way of providing access to network resources without the hassle of wires.


VLAN


A VLAN is where a group of PCs, servers and other network resources that perform as if they were linked to a single, network segment - even though they may not be, they will act as if they were. For example, all marketing personnel may be spread throughout a building. Yet if they are all assigned to a single VLAN, they can share resources and bandwidth as if they were attached to the same segment (see Figure 1).


VLANs offer an effective solution to swamped routers and broadcast storms. By limiting the distribution of broadcast, multicast and unicast traffic, they can help free up bandwidth, reduce the need for expensive and complicated routing between switched networks, and get rid of the danger of broadcast storms. With these advantages, VLANs do up many of the key advantages of LAN routing, but with greater flexibility, performance, simplicity and affordability.


There are also specialized operating system software used to configure a LAN. For example, most or Microsoft Windows provide a software package called Internet Connection Sharing ICS that supports controlled access to resources on the LAN.


Windows NT vs. Netware


After a little research on the differences between Windows NT vs Netware, I have come up with some solutions from a web sauce that explains that Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 Is 5.5% Faster Than Novell NetWare 5 as a File Server and Has .7 Times Better Price/Performance. I have provided some graphs to show the figures. Mindcraft tested the file-server performance of Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 and Novell NetWare 5 on a Compaq ProLiant 1850R. Mindcraft tested file sharing using TCP/IP for both servers. Table 1 shows the peak throughput measured for each system in megabits per second (Mbits/S), the price of the software tested, and the price/performance in dollars per Mbits/S.


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The Reason Why Students Seek Higher Education

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Students want to be able to make something of themselves. Most students have the wants and needs to achieve in life. There are students who find the right motivation to learn. There are even students who are forced to seek a higher education. There are many reasons for students wanting to seek the levels of higher education.


There are students who want to be a huge success when they grow up into adulthood. They attend college to seek the knowledge of whatever they want to do for their future career. Most students want to be wealthy and be defined with great prestige when they grow up, and that is why they go to college. Going to college can help a person develop in life. College is also a great place for people searching for a future spouse, and they may even marry after they graduate.


Some students are simply motivated to learn. There are students who might not be getting challenged enough, and they go to college. Some students want to learn because they feel that knowledge is power and they want to be very knowledgeable because it comes with such great prestige. There are students that are unlike others because there are some who want to become a professor and they love to teach. Some students go to a college to be around people they already know and they may have a great bond between them and they may be inseparable.


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A lot of times, students are forced to attend college. The type of people that fall under that category are people that do not have anything going on in their life, they are trifling and they are not good for anything, and that is why their parents or somebody close to them forces them to go to school. There are students that attend a certain college that their parent or parents attended and they were forced to go to that school. Some students may be forced out of the house, and they are given a choice such as, get a job and move out or go to college and stay there. A student may have received a sports scholarship and they may even want to play in a professional league in whatever they may play.


In conclusion, students attend college because of many reasons. There are students that have the want to learn, and there are students that are forced to learn higher education for their own good. The fact of the matter is College is the best place for people searching for opportunities. Motivated students who attend college want to be a success in whatever they may choose to do after they graduate. There is no reason whatsoever why students should not want to achieve in life, and make themselves a better person. College is the ultimate stepping-stone to the real world and students should take advantage of it.


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Wednesday, September 30, 2020

Product development

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Divine Instant Chocolate Drink


COMPANY PROFILE AND MISSION


The Day Chocolate Company was set up through the efforts of Twin Trading Company (TTC) in the UK and Kuapa Kokoo Ltd (KKL) from Ghana. In 1, TTC assisted cocoa farmers in Ghana to form a co-operative, Kuapa Kokoo Ltd, to trade in cocoa. The whole idea was to enable the cocoa farmers to obtain a better price from their cocoa in the world markets, particularly, the fair trade market. KKL later decided to own a chocolate bar. The main aim here has been to maximize returns to their members. In 18, TTC and KKL established the Day Chocolate Company (DCC) to realize their dream.


Both KKL and TTC have inter-laced missions. KKLs mission is to get a fair or higher price for the cocoa farmers on the international market. TTCs mission comes from their belief that primary producers should get a better deal for their products on the international market. DCC does not actually have its own mission statement but its aim is to send fairly traded chocolate onto the mainstream market with the aim of maximizing returns for Kuapa Kokoo farmers. Though DCC does not have its own mission statement, we are bound by our parent companies vision statements. TTLs mission was mission was to assist small-scale farmers, through trading, to achieve


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•Greater awareness and ability to plan and think strategically, to be protagonists in the market


•Greater bargaining power through this knowledge and the ability to gain access to resources and infrastructure through ownership or negotiation with third parties


•Greater income at the village community level and thus greater capacity to invest in human capital for the future.


The DCC has, since its creation, produced three chocolate bars. These are Divine Chocolate, Divine Black Chocolate and Dubble. A new product, Divine Instant Chocolate Drink, will be launched latter part of 00. The name 'Divine was retained because of the value our customers attach to it as a chocolate product as well as its heavenly nature.


DCC does not own any production facility. It contracts manufacturers to produce its products for a fee. This arrangement would be maintained for the new product.


ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE PRODUCT


Every year, in Britain, a combined total of £4 billion pounds is spent on chocolate. It would be nice to think that a proportion of this could find its way back to the families currently living in Ghana with no electricity, no running water, no transport, no schools and no medical facilities.


All Divine products are known as the chocolate with a heart. The main idea behind this is the fact that for every time we buy and drink a cup of Divine Instant Chocolate Drink, we are helping to support farmers in poverty-stricken parts of Africa, pumping money into a poor economy, enabling village-folk to educate their children, and giving women the chance to make something of their lives. Plus it tastes good too!


.


TARGET CONSUMERS


Divine Chocolate, Divine Black and Dubble, have been aimed at specific targets. These being mid 0s women, adults and kids respectively. Our initial market research indicates that, the product to be launched, Divine Instant Chocolate Drink should primarily be aimed at kids and expand the link Divine products have with kids. In the long term, other groups will be targeted. Initially, the focus is the English market.


As a first step, the chocolate drinks, sold through dispensing machines, will be launched. At a later stage, a powdered form Divine Instant Chocolate Mix in containers will be added.


BRAND MANAGEMENT


Brand management should recognize that every product has a limited life. Products go through a series of four life cycle stages. These are introduction, growth, maturity and decline.


The Introduction phase is characterized by low sales, high costs, innovative customers, negative profits and few competitors. The Growth phase is characterized by rapidly increasing sales, costs stabilize, rising profits, customers are early adopters and competition is growing. At the Maturity stage, sales peak, costs are at their lowest per consumer, the stable number of competitors and profits begin to decline. The Decline stage has declining sales, profits, competition, costs are still low per customer.


Each of these stages requires different marketing strategies. The product life cycle and the corresponding marketing strategies are depicted in the diagram below.


Source Using the Product Life Cycle to Interpret and Predict Market Growth http//www.dummies.com/Money/Small_Business/Marketing/1-5688-46-1_0008.html


The table shows the strategic objectives of each of these marketing stages.


PioneeringCompetitiveRetentive


Educate consumersBuild brand equityRetain customers


Encourage trial usagePosition against competitorsBuild relationships with customers


Build the distribution channelCapture a leading market shareImprove quality


Segment market to better serve specific needsImprove serviceUpgrade product


We are aware of the fact that the chocolate market is saturated and that there is the need to build on our core competence. Brand management, in this project, is considered in relation to the life cycle of the Divine Instant Chocolate Drink in the next sessions of this report.


INTRODUCTION STAGE


Product


•Divine Instant Chocolate Drink is a delicious, sweet-tasting, sink-in the- heart chocolate drink. It is a drink for all. It contains cocoa beans, skimmed milk and sugar.


•The drink will be sold hot or cold all the year round according to customers preferences.


Price


•The drink is priced by cup sizes as follows smaller size - 7p larger size - £1.4. Even though the prices are bit higher than traditional chocolate drinks, the money accrued will find its way to the primary producers who live in poverty.


Promotion


Intensive promotional activities will be undertaken. These will cover the following


•Television adverts


•Features articles in newspapers


•Posters and leaflets


•Road shows


•Exhibitions


•Co-branding with Starbucks and Caf Nero


•Free samples


• Fair Trade fortnight activities


•Internet advertisements


•Competitions on Cartoon Network and Fox Kids to draw the awareness of our prime target to our products. This has already started and will continue.


•Our special message about the need to ensure a fair deal for farmers from developing countries will be stressed in all our promotional activities


Packaging


•The drink comes in disposable cups of two sizes, namely, small and large, through dispensing machines. The smaller size is aimed at kids and first time buyers. The larger size is for adults and existing buyers. The Divine logo and DCC logo are embossed on the cup. The cup will also carry the Fair Trade Mark .


Place


•Presently all Divine products are available at Sainsburys, Iceland, Co-operative Shop, NUS shops, Body Shop and Tesco.


•The new product will make use of Divines existing channels of distribution.


•In addition, agreements have been made with Starbucks, Caf Nero, Waitrose and Morrison to sell the new product.


•The distributors will provide their own dispensing machines. These machines will bear the Divine, DCC and Fair Trade logos. This will save DCC the cost of investing in dispensing machines.


•The distributors will earn a commission on sales.


GROWTH STAGE


Our objective here is to maximize our brand equity.


Product


•Intensive market research will be undertaken to identify new target consumers.


•A new concept for chocolate drinks will be developed. New flavors will be introduced to push the image of the product up.


•The drink in powder form will be introduced.


•Will seek to become a market leader of fair-trade chocolate drinks.


•The powdered form of the chocolate mix will be introduced.


Packaging


•New and innovative designs will be made in response to consumer preferences. One of our aims here is to increase volumes and to maintain high-quality packaging solutions. A conversion from standard disposable cups to a niche type of cup may occur during this stage, if volumes warrant.


Place


•Review existing distribution channels to address any problems.


•Increase the number of outlets for existing channels of distribution.


•Introduction of new distributors e.g. work places, new supermarkets and schools.


Promotion


•Continue with intensive promotional activities to push the growth of the products.


•Social marketing.


•Will continue to emphasize our core message.


•Fair Trade fortnight activities


Price


•Price review will be considered in response to competition.


•Will, however, maintain our policy of fixing prices that are slightly higher than obtained in the normal chocolate drink market.


MATURITY/STATIONARY STAGE


Product


•Analyze indicators through market research.


•Diversify brands. Update and modernize current products.


•Introduce more flavours e.g. Vanilla Flavour Chocolate Drink, Orange Flavour Chocolate Drink etc.


Packaging


•Depending on the product category and volume, enhanced disposable or re-usable cups are good packaging solutions during this stage.


•Customized cups may be introduced.


•The whole idea is to improve packaging


Place


•Undertake Intensive distribution to consolidate.


• Non-profitable outlets would be withdrawn.


Promotion


•Discount offers.


• for the price of 1 offer.


•Competitions to be organized.


•Co-branding e.g. we may co-brand with Orange Communications when launching our Orange Chocolate Drink.


•Advertisement should also encourage brand switching.


•Fair Trade fortnight activities


Price


•Price review will be considered in-depth in response to competition.


•Will, however, maintain our policy of fixing prices that are slightly higher than obtained in the normal chocolate drink market. This would be to help the farmer in line with our mission.


DECLINING STAGE


Product


•Will create new products to replace the old. This will bring new customers as well as the return of old customers who had shifted to other products.


•Will continue to produce a limited quantity of old products. This will help to maintain our most loyal customers.


Packaging


•With an emphasis on cost reduction and a decreasing emphasis on reusable cups, disposable cups packaging are an option.


Place


•Continue to consolidate our distribution channels while withdrawing from areas with no prospect.


Promotion


•Will promote our product at this stage by making attractive offers to consumers.


•Will improve quality and upgrade our products in order to keep old and loyal customers. This is because, finding new customers costs more than keeping old ones.


•Build relationships with customers.


•Have newsletters on our website on our events and how to get involved.


•Fair Trade fortnight activities


Price


•At this stage price competition from dying products becomes more vigorous. Will stay in competition by stressing vigorously our core message and also keep our margins thin.


Appendix


1.Picture of Divine Instant Chocolate Mix.


.Fairtrade Logo


.The Day Chocolate Company Logo


4.Divines Slogan


TO THE MANAGEMENT


FROM BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT TEAM


SUBJECT LAUNCHING OF DIVINEINSTANT CHOCOLATE DRINK


DATE 1TH MARCH, 00


Bibliography


1.Wiley, J & Sons, Inc., Using the Product Life Cycle to Interpret and Predict Market Growth, 00, http//www.dummies.com/Money/Small_Business/Marketing/1-5688-46-1_0008.html


.The Namibia Economist, The product life cycle Products are born, they prosper and die, http//www.economist.com.na/00/18jan/01-18-08.htm


.Morden T, Business Planning & Strategy, McGraw-Hill


4.The Day Chocolate Company, http//www.divinechocolate.com/


5.The International Cocoa Organization, Answer to question, http//www.icco.org/questions/fairtrade.htm


6.Kuapa Kokoo Limited, http//www.divinechocolate.com/kuapa.htm


7.Brand Building Checklist, http//www.brandingasia.com/columns/temporal8.htm


Please note that this sample paper on Product development is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Product development, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Product development will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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