James Thurber and Thomas Wolfe comparison (American Authors comparison)

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James Thurber and Thomas Wolfe were both great American authors. They both wrote during the Modern period of writing. Though their writings are very different many of them contain the same elements. The modernist movement called for bold experimentation and a wholesale rejection of traditional themes and styles. Thurber and Wolfes writings are far from the old, traditional styles of writing. Their writing shows the switch from the previous period of Realism to the new period of the Moderns. James Thurber and Thomas Wolfe lived different lives, in different places, and wrote in different styles but they still share some similarities.

The Moderns really began after World War one or the Great War. This changed the American voice in fiction. Idealism turned into cynicism and America lost its innocence. The Stock Market Crash caused the Great Depression and that caused a more depressing kind of writing. This style calls for bold experimentation, and a sweeping rejection of all traditional themes.American soon became known as a beautiful, bountiful, and rewarding land. The independent person that relies only on himself was shown to have the ultimate triumph. The new writers were skeptical of the New England Puritan tradition and the courtesy, which had been central to the literary. The center of American Literature had finally shifted from New England. Writers were now from the South, Midwest, and the West. There was a breakdown in traditional morality and values. This change could be an explanation for the non-traditional writings of Thurber and Wolfe. Even with these great changes Thurber and Wolfe still have their own style they are unlike any other authors of their time.

James Thurber was born in Columbus, Ohio. His father, Charles Leander, was a minor politician. His mother, Mary Thurber, was a strong-minded woman and loved practical jokes. Thurber depicted his mother in his autobiographical stories My Life and Hard Times (1). Thurbers father was the basis of the typical small, slight man of Thurbers stories. Thurber was partially blinded by a childhood accident; his brother William shot an arrow at him. He was unable to participate in games and sports so he developed a rich fantasy life. This life inspired his later fiction. He studied at Ohio State University between 11 and 118. He was a code clerk in Washington, DC, and at the US embassy in Paris. He worked as a journalist for several newspapers during the early 10s. He also lived in Paris writing for the Chicago Tribune as an attempt to further his writing career. Thurber went to New York in 16. He became a reporter for the Evening Post. In 17 he joined the newly established The New Yorker, where he found his clear, concise prose style and where 15 of his books first appeared. Thurber later published his memoirs from this period The Years With Ross (15). Thurbers first book, Is Sex Necessary?, Appeared in 1. It was co-written by E.B. White. White was also on the staff for the New Yorker. The book made fun of European psychoanalysis and theorist who had been attempting to reduce sex to a scientifically understandable level. This novel established Thurber as an American humorist. Thurber was married twice and had only one daughter. In his later years he lived with his wife Helen Wismer at West Cornwall, Connecticut. Thurber died of pneumonia on November , 161, in New York.

Thomas Wolfe was born in Asheville, NC, in 100. He was the eighth child of a Pennsylvania stonecutter and his third wife. Wolfes mom was a country schoolteacher. Wolfe grew up in his mothers boarding house. He was an exceptional student. He began public school at six and transferred to a private school at age eleven upon his teachers request. He started college at the University of Chapel Hill at age fifteen. By the time he graduated his was editor of the school newspaper and had seen several of his plays produced by the Carolina Playmakers. He went to Harvard, planning to become a dramatist and then to New York where no one would produce his very long plays. He took a job teaching at New York University. He began writing his memories of Asheville during a trip to Europe in 16. He finally abandoned playwriting, and after three years of writing, revisions and editing, he published Look Homeward, Angel A Story of the Buried Life. The success of this book allowed Wolfe to leave his teaching job, and continue writing. Six years later he published Of Time and the River. This was a sequel to his previous book. These books were pulled from his own life experiences. Wolfe spent the next three years traveling. In 18 he took ill with pneumonia, while in Seattle. He was brought across the continent for surgery at John Hopkins, in Baltimore, where he died of tuberculosis of the brain. Wolfe had given his manuscripts to Edward C. Aswell, his editor at Harper & Brothers, before he died. With these manuscripts Harper & Brothers were able to produce two novels and a book of short fiction. These novels were much like his first novels and all of his novels greatly resembled his life. Cheap Custom Essays on James Thurber and Thomas Wolfe comparison (American Authors comparison)

Wolfe was from the south where at the time racism was a very large issue while Thurber was born in the north where industry and business was booming. Wolfe began his life in a small town and Thurbers life began in a small city. Thurber who was exceptionally smart was no match for Wolfe who began college at age fifteen. Thurber stayed in his home state to attend college while Wolfe began his college in his home state but inevitably went to Harvard to finish his studies. Both began their writing careers began at early ages. Wolfe started out as an editor for his school newspaper and Thurber began his writing career as a journalist for several newspapers. Wolfe mostly started his writing career on his own writing his own plays and having them produced by the Carolina Playmakers. Thurbers career began with help from others. He wrote for many newspapers and magazines before he really became a famous author. Most of Wolfes works were autobiographical and his novels were about the same type of person that grew up in the same small town went to the same college and experienced the same problems. Thurber wrote some autobiographical novels but not all of his were. He had a wild imagination and it was shown through his stories. Both authors traveled a lot and had their own little adventures. Ironically enough they both inevitably died from the effects of pneumonia. Wolfes life was cut short at only age 8 while Thurbers was ended at age 67, which at the time was considered to be a long life.

James Thurber is classified as a humorist. His style of writing was amazing. Though he did not use much wit in his writings he could still clearly be seen as a humorist. He has a surprisingly wide range of writing. Thurber writes from an interior view of human experience. Many times thurbers interior view is not understood by the readers exterior view. He writes of generalized people husbands, lonely men, servant women, etc. His writing is more of a basic form of comedy than many other humorists. Many of Thurbers childrens books are somewhat classic fairy tales. Though they do not always have the normal story lines (woman in need of saving and a hero that saves her) as the classics they still contain the same elements princess, prince, etc. This can be shown in his great childrens book Many Moons. This is a story of a princess who wants the moon and how she gets it. This is also shown in his novel Thirteen Clocks. In this novel an evil duke captures a beautiful Princess, and her beloved prince has to find a thousand jewels and unfreeze thirteen clocks. If he fails the prince will be devoured by the invisible Todal. With help from his magical protector and an old woman the prince will try to save the princess and leave the duke to the Todal. There is no other Author that can match thurbers great imagination. In his stories the plots can be so unbelievable, but Thurber can somehow make the reader believe that it is the actual truth. He had a unique style of writing that could not be classified as humorists and in other categories, but his writing was not always the normal type of stories that a reader would expect from these categories. Though forgotten by many people he still has a huge number of fans out there that wish he were still alive to give them more stories.

Thomas Wolfe was a great American author. Though his works had some problems they were still great. Many of his works were autobiographical. They also had the same type of characters that grow up in the same neighborhood, go to the same schools, and experience the same problems. Though many believed this to make him a bad or unoriginal author the majority still loved to read his classic stories. Though loved by many he has been long forgotten. Wolfe is not remembered by many people, and most libraries and bookstores do not carry his books anymore. His writings are matched by no other. Wolfe writes stories that match his own life. In doing this he can describe in great detail things that many writers can only lightly touch. Many believe his novel Look Homeward, Angel to be a great book to read in order to understand them selves. This book can be overly dramatic at times and heavy, but if can keep interest and read this book then you will love it. His stories also contain repetition of many words and phrases. A reader may be found forcing himself to read through this but in the end he will appreciate the entire book. His books never contain any experiences that were not directly related to his own. Therefore Wolfe was believed to be doomed to repeat himself. It was said by many that Wolfe never emotionally developed past late adolescence. His egotism was the dominant part of his stories. His novels are not considered by all to be works of art. Instead they are more of explosions of verbal energy. Wolfe went through life keeping detailed notebooks. He would jot down usable information as soon as it came to him. You can read the chapters in his novels backwards and still get the same overall impact that you get reading them forward. As a writer he was almost wholly unoriginal. Wolfes way of throwing himself into every moment, and dying young linked him to romantic poets. His dominant subject in his stories was the characters search for his lost father. Wolfe was a great author but had problems.

Thurber had a great imagination while Wolfe could only write his novels on events directly related to his own life. This caused most to believe Thurber to be the better writer, but if a reader looks through his problems then he can see that they are equally talented writers. Thurber like Wolfe also wrote about events that were related to his own life allowing them both to be able to describe things in great detail. Though Thurber did write some things related to events and experiences in his life that was not the only thing that he wrote about unlike Wolfe who would repeat his life in all his stories. Both authors had their own unique style of writing and could not be matched by no other. They had their own classifications in writing. Thurber and Wolfe were both great American authors.

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Spanish Armada

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The Spanish armada was a fleet assembled and sent out by King Philip the nd of Spain. This fleet tried to invade England, but it was dramatically unsuccessful. According to Spanish historical books, the main goal of the Spanish Armada was to unite Spain and England into one, thus giving Philip the ability to advance the Spanish conquest. Consequently, this stubborn approach, ordered by Philip, was not the advance he was looking for, but he found the eventual downfall of the Spanish Empire.

The objective of the Spanish armada was the force together England and Spain politically and religiously. In 1586, King Philip had decided that he would not be able to defeat the Dutch with out first completely taking over England, or as he put it, "unite him and the queen of England together as one." At the same time, he hoped to resolve the long-standing religious rivalry between England and Spain, by converting England back to the Holy Catholic Church. England at this time was protestant.

To swiftly conquer England he had to create a massive fleet. This fleet had to sail north from Spain. Consequently, another fleet with transports had to sail south with an army form the Netherlands. King Philip put his most trusted duke of medina in charge. The Duke led the Spanish fleet of 10 ships, which carried almost 0,000 men. The English found out about the invasion plan that the Spanish were about to perform. So therefore, they tried to prevent the armada from sailing by attacking it at the port in Cadiz, Spain. The English delayed it for about a year, causing the Spanish to regroup and recover. Thus, giving the English time to "set-up." Help with essay on Spanish Armada

In 1588, The Spanish had recovered and started to sail on their way to England. It was first noticed off the English coast in July of 1588. A superior English fleet saw it and quickly advanced toward the Spanish war ships. For the next week, the Englishs faster ships attacked the Spanish in battles off Plymouth and Isle of Wight. But, unable to break the armadas attack, the English waited for a chance to take the final blow.

The time came when the Spanish anchored near Calair, France; Hoping to join the troops that sailed south from the Netherlands. Furthermore, The English ordered ships to be set fire and then sailed toward the anchored armada. This attack broke the Spanish armada into chaos. The Spanish unable to sail back through the English Channel because of furious winds and waves; the remaining ships were forced to sail north around Scotland and Ireland to return home. Only 67 of the original 10 ships reached Spain, and most of the returning ships were in appalling condition never to be sailed again.

This non-successful attempt of the armada did not end the war between England and Spain, but it did end the Spanish attempts on invading the impenetrable island. By loosing this costly battle the Spanish would never recover economically or historically.

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The Emergence of Expressionism in the 20th Century

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"The artist expresses only what he has within himself, not what he sees with his eyes." Alexej von Jawlensky.

Expressionism is a movement in the art world that spread quickly due to its broad appeal. Expressionist artwork concerns itself more on the emotions of the artist than the subject being portrayed. Artists were attracted to this movement because it allowed for new concepts of colour application and distortion. To look at this movement is to look through a panoramic view, and encompass the many different movements, artists, locations, and influences that were involved in establishing expressionism. The philosophy of tying emotion to art was the factor that led to the beginning of the style. Turmoil in society was the focus of the first artists, and eventually all emotions were associated with expressionism. The history of expressionism began in 105, with the forerunners Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Edvard Munch. It followed the movement of impressionism, although very different in style. Impressionism was a style that involved capturing the moment. It focused on use of colour to depict light, instead of expressionism depicting emotion. The Fauves were the first group of painters to acquire the name 'expressionist; they led the movement that was to occur. The symbolism of colour in relation to emotion emerged, and to study the expressionist movement colour must be a main focus. Artists of all mediums were interested in capturing emotion. Sculptors, writers, and music composers were headed in the direction of expression. In Germany the art style had special appeal to the people because of the angst they were suffering in the years before World War I. The movement of expressionism eventually subdued in, but it opened a door for Dadaism, Surrealism and Fantasy art. Artists began to steer away from incorporating emotion, and concentrated purely on distortion in the name of art. The trend of expressionism continues to be considered a movement toward individualism and is studied because of the importance of the precursors of expressionism and the after-effects that were felt in the world due to expressionism.

Expressionism is a trend of applying the artists emotions toward the subject or the emotions that the artist is feeling at the time they produce a work. It is not only a style, but is also a philosophy that erupted around 105 through 118 and spread throughout the art world . The trend of rationality in art was the dominant art style in time up to the 1th century when artists realized that they could express their personal emotions to the audience through their art works. They also believed that art and society are interwoven. In their art works they expressed social injustices, rejected materialistic prosperity, and break away from the capitalistic society. This was the rebellion from optical representation to personal interpretation. Artists broke away from the common portrait style paintings and instead took a new approach to art, which consisted of capturing the emotions felt about the subject instead of the subject itself.

Expressionism emerged in Germany when artists began to shift focus from the reality of touch and sight to an individual perception. Early artists who experimented with violent colour movement and exaggerated lines to suggest emotional expressionism include Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Edvard Munch.

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Impressionism began when the trio of Renoir, Claude Monet and Alfred Sisley showcased their art of the outdoors and the effect of sunlight on subject matter. Critics scorned the artwork and the artists were called 'impressionists because the work showed a general impression of the subject. The paintings can be distinguished because it seems as if the artists took only a few minutes to complete the artwork. The invention of the camera allowed painters to leave the indoor studios and begin to in paint the outdoors ; depicting crowds, buildings, and other scenes that take place outdoors. Subject matter was broader than ever before in art history. Often the artists would paint the same subject many times over to include the different effect that light has on the painting. Monet painted the west façade of Rouen Cathedral twenty-six times, concentrating on light effect.

French poet De Vigny stated that one should love the things one will never see again . The impressionists found the goal to capture the fleeing moment, and contain the essence of a snapshot. The experimentation of colour, line, and movement by the impressionists led to the birth of expressionism where the new techniques were used to not only portray light and dark, but to portray emotion.

Expressionist artists incorporate colourful interpretations, movement, distortion, and interest in nature when portraying their subject matter, where as the classical trend follows rules about proportion, arrangement, and realistic depictions of light distribution.

THE HAYSTACK

The roots of experimentation with art techniques began with impressionism, but philosophy emerged with expressionism.

The Fauves began exhibiting their artwork in 105 in Paris. Critics who were astonished by the use of vibrant colours, shape distortion, and bold brush strokes rejected the artwork. The term Fauvism comes from the French word, "Fauves" which means wild beast, which referred to the work of the artists because to the French the new style of art was radical. The Fauves challenged the modern use of art, and slanted toward a style that was unrealistic, free, and wild. Henri Matisse was in the forefront of the Fauves movement with his use of exaggerated colours, used to evoke emotion, and experimenting use of collages and simplified paintings. His unique style of interweaving colour and emotional symbolism has remained one of the classifying elements of the expressionist movement.

Each expressionist artist correlated colours with emotion differently, but the symbol each colour holds does not change. Van Gogh and Gauguin were motivated by the idea that colours and emotions interrelate, and aimed to capture the philosophy in their artwork. German artist Paula Modersohn-Becker remarked after viewing Van Goghs work, "I should like to endow colour with fullness, excitement." The colour yellow was used to convey a symbol of relaxation, hopefulness, and a offer a contrast to the colours grey and violet which symbolize darkness and shadow. Van Gogh was used yellow avidly in his artwork. Association of emotion to colour and artistic form was an indicator that a modern era was emerging. The new perspective symbolized the shift that was occurring across the world. The artists pushed for a break from conformed thought, and established a focus on emotion and the individual. Red was seen as sexual; blue was a symbol of nothingness and coolness. Artists kept the use of brown to a minimum in the expressionist period, as it was neutral and evoked no emotion. Franz Marc used red and blue to portray a kaleidoscope of colour and energy.

THE YELLOW COW

As a society as a whole is affected by a new philosophy, the society of artists were influenced by integration of emotion and distortion to their work. Sculptors distorted the human figure to produce emotional shock . Auguste Rodin added piece by piece his sculptures in the same way expressionist painters added strokes.

They furthered the movement away from rationalism. Writers were also absorbed by expressionism, tying the audiences emotions into work. Staging techniques, scene design and directing took new approaches. German music composer, Richard Wagner made carefully structured works in the name of expressionism. Emotion was the focus of the entire movement, understanding the emotion was another focus in expressionism.

German Expressionism flourished and continued to dominate the German world of art because the people felt that it was important to represent emotional feelings to their paintings. Sadness was conveyed and accepted in paintings with exaggerated movement and line structure and texture. Before the outbreak of World War I, painter Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, captured the feelings of tension and encompassed the theme of appearance verses reality in his paintings. During the war, Kathe Kollwitz, painted to protest against the suffering of the poor and needy in wartime. She said, "the joyous side simply did not appeal to me." Her painting Death and the Mother, generate a feeling of helplessness desperate fear.

DEATH AND THE MOTHER

Edvard Munch was a forerunner for the German movement; he painted through the eyes of a person suffering from extreme mourning. Familiar shapes were distorted, and unexpected colour was applied to the art. Through his painting, The Scream, Munch captured fear and terror by heightening the intensity of the scream.

THE SCREAM

A small group of artists in Germany were attracted to the violent colour and distortion of the Fauves movement of Van Gogh, Munch, and Gauguin. The Die Brucke, meaning 'the bridge, used expressionist techniques to cry out against economic and social conditions during World War I and search for answers beyond secularism and convention. With woodcutting as a medium, simplification in depiction was established. Kirchner stated, "Uncomprehended for the most part, and totally distorted; for with us [the will] shaped the form and gave it meaning." When the Die Brucke split up in 11 , it gave way to inspire Dadaism, Surrealism and Fantasy art.

The Dada movement occurred in the turmoil of World War I, they believed the world had lost meaning and purpose, and reflected this view in their art. The surrealists were the group who rejected control, composition and logic to the extreme. Dreams and the subconscious were the focus of the art. The shift from emotional ties in the early days of expressionism was beginning to lessen in the trends that followed. It spread from Switzerland to Germany and Paris. Dadaism led the way for surrealism to emerge. Salvador Dali created eerie artworks symbolizing an irrational dream world.

Art in Focus- pg6 THE PERSISTENCE OF MEMORY

The trends that followed expressionism, although slightly different in style, still contained the emotions of the artist, therefore still remaining on the lines of the movement.

With the contribution of artists from around the globe in the following time periods influenced by the works of the expressionists, and their new form of capturing the audience through a painting, artists experimented with surreal fantasy art, and Dadaism emerged. German painters involved with emotional art were able to express their anguish through their paintings, and used expressionism to their benefit. They experimented with new art style, while sculptors, painters and writers were experimenting all over the world. The use of colour defined the art movement, as painters focused more on heightened emotional awareness through the use of colour. The Fauves were the group to begin with the usage of violent colour variations in their work, and although they were criticised in their own beginning, critics around the world recognize the influence they had on the rest of the world. They broke away from the impressionist movement before them, and found their own niche. From 105, and the first exhibition of expressionist art, the movement has found not only a lasting place in the timeline of art history, but also found a place an influential art philosophy .

Please note that this sample paper on The Emergence of Expressionism in the 20th Century is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Emergence of Expressionism in the 20th Century, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Emergence of Expressionism in the 20th Century will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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