Great expectations

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The internal change in Pip began as he started to play with Estella. She would tell him that he was to "coarse" for her, while Miss Havisham would constantly remind Pip that he was not good enough for her beautiful Estella. Pip begins to contemplate his role as an indentured slave for his family when he becomes apprenticed, and does not like the path in life that he is on. He begins to study himself on becoming a gentleman so that he can win Estellas love and prove to her that he is not too coarse. This changes Pip into thinking like a snob and alters his perception of every one around him as beneath him now.

Pip shows his change when he returns from Satis House after being treated like a "dog" and turns his anger onto Joe for him being so coarse. This brings out a true turn around in Pip from once respecting Joe for him having to put up with Mrs. Joe as he did, to Pip resenting Joe for being a blacksmith. The feeling of contempt towards the trade intensifies as Pip feels guilty for feeling ashamed of Joe on their visit together to see Miss Havisham. Pip begins to show more and more contempt towards becoming an apprentice, which truly shows when Miss Havisham decides to "reward" him by sponsoring him. She feels that she has done a good thing for Pip, but he really sees it as a punishment. Since he is becoming coarser, he will never win Estella, exactly what Miss Havisham has been propagating in his head.

The other change Pip has been going through is the reoccurrence of his secrets. Pip being a young boy has a lot of secrets he has to keep. The first noticeable one is when he steals from Mrs. Joe to help the Magwitch and keeps it a secret from her and the police. He first notices the guilt and how bad it feels to have to lie. The lie reemerges as he sees the man in the pub and then as the weapon used against Mrs. Joe is the shackle and chain of Magwitch. He then is caught in lie when he tells Mrs. Joe how good it is over at Miss Havishams, but then goes on to tell Joe how much he dislikes it. Joe gives him a good piece of advice of how bad it feels to tell lies and makes Pip feel even guiltier.

Pip only being a young man has a lot on his shoulders. He is carrying an immense amount of guilt around with him accompanied by never feeling like he going to be good enough. I can draw a connection with Pip because at a young age I had a lot of pressure on me to succeed as my sister did. I was five years younger but everyone expected me to be just like her. I did not want to be just like I felt I could be better than her. Nobody believed I could at the time, but I proved them wrong on my own terms and not theirs. Pip need to come in connection with himself and not have to prove things to these other people, especially Estella.

expectastons

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Tess paper

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Fatalistic Coincidences

Thomas Hardy uses fate as an underlying theme in his work Tess of the DUrbervilles. Fate, or the concept of fatalism is the belief that for all actions or events that take place there is some controlling force that has power and superiority over everything. Fate is a primitive force that exists independently of human will or control. In Tess of the DUrbervilles Hardy exhibits this concept in Tess, the immaculate young protagonist, who is constantly put into precarious situations that continuously question the inevitable command of fate on ones life.

Throughout the novel the concept of fatalism is witnessed through coincidental events that create testing situations for the young Tess. Throughout the book the coincidental events that did not take place result in outcomes that would have been avoided if only a few more moments were added or something was done slightly differently. An example of this is seen in the early stages of the book when Angel and his two brothers come to the town were Tess and her friends are dancing on the green. Angel, intrigued by the activity, chooses to dance, but he does not choose Tess, in fact he does not even notice her. Rather he "took almost the first that came to hand," this being only coincidental and by chance. If he had only to chosen Tess then, the two would have found one another at that point rather than later in the novel, thus avoiding their dreadful end. Hardy introduces Angel in this way so that later on in the book when Angel emerges again as Tesss husband, after the events involving Alec DUrberville and Tess occur, it is apparent what could have been avoided if only the two had found each other that first day on the village green.

Coincidence did not bring Tess and Angel together that day and life for the young Tess went on. When Tess was sent away to live with her newly discovered relative, she was introduced to Alec DUrberville, the son of Mrs. DUrberville, the widow. Soon after their introduction Alec seduced the young Tess, forcing himself upon her while the two stayed in the woods for a short time. After only a short time Tess was not able to put up with the sorrows brought forth by Alec and was forced to return to her family. However, Tess was not received well by the people. In fact, she was seen as "sinner" by many of the town folk. Had Tess not been sent to the dUrberville home, she would not have met Alec nor would she have bore his child out of wedlock and her life would have been completely different.

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While working at the local dairy in her birthplace of Marlott, Tess is finally introduced to Angel, a fellow employee at the dairy. The two fall in love but Tess is rather hesitant to become too involved due to her shady past. After many weeks spent together, Tess accepted the engagement to Angel, but before the two were to be married Tess wanted to inform Angel of her past. She wanted to "Declare the past to him by word of mouth she could not, but there was another way." She decided to write him a letter and slip it under his door. Unfortunately Angel never received the letter and was never informed if Tesss history. This small event was of such fatalistic gravity that ultimately led to a tragic end for Tess. Due to the fact that Angel never received the letter, Tess was not able to tell him until after they were married. When Angel found out, he was devastated and the marriage was left at a halt at his discretion.

After Tess and Angel had split apart, Angel left for Brazil. After he was gone for nearly a year, Tesss father became very sick and eventually died. Soon after the death of her father, Tess became involved with Alec again primarily to provide her family a home and a sound financial foundation. It was only a short time after the marriage of Tess and Alec that Angel returned from Brazil. Tess being torn by the situation took action by killing Alec and pronouncing her true love to Angel. Tess, however, was executed just days after she killed Alec. The coincidence of Tesss father dying at just the right moment for Alec to marry her and Angel returning only a little after was a fate by pure coincidence. Once again coincidence and plain chance play fundamental roles in Tesss fate and caused her to determine her own fate by killing Alec.

For Tess coincidental acts of fate often forced her to deal with unfortunate circumstances. It could be said that Tess was fatalistically prone to put herself into fatalistic situations that result in severe repercussions over time. When Tess killed Alec, she put fate into her own hands and for once she was in control of something. Shortly after she killed Alec she, herself was hung for her retaliation, which demonstrates the concealed power of fate always having the upper hand.

Please note that this sample paper on tess paper is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on tess paper, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on tess paper will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Banking system

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FEDERAL RESERVE BANK

The Federal Reserve, the Central Bank of the United States, was founded by Congress in 11 to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is divided into 1 districts, collectively serving as the nations Central Bank. The Federal Reserve is considered to be an independent central bank. It is so only in the sense that its decisions do not have to be ratified by the President or anyone else in the executive branch of government. The entire system is subject to oversight by the U.S. Congress because the Constitution gives to Congress the power to coin money and set its value, a power that in the 11 act, Congress itself delegated to the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve must work within the framework of the overall objectives of economic financial policy established by the government, and thus the description of the system as "independent within the government."

Today, the Federal Reserves duties fall into four categories

1.Conducting the nations monetary policyOrder College Papers on Banking system

.Supervising and regulating banking institutions and protecting the credit rights of consumers.

.Maintaining the stability of the financial system

4.Providing certain financial services to the U.S. government, the public, financial institutions, and foreign official institutions.

Monetary Policy

The Federal Reserve System conducts monetary policy using major tools

1.Open Market Operations- the buying and selling of U.S. government (mainly Treasury) Securities in the open market to influence the level of reserves in the depository system.

.Reserve Requirements- requirements regarding the amount of funds commercial banks and other depository institutions must hold in reserve against deposits.

.The Discount Rate- the interest rate charged commercial banks and other depository institutions when they borrow reserves from a regional Federal Reserve Bank.

The Federal Reserve Act lays out the goals of monetary policy. It specifies that in conducting monetary policy, the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market committee should seek "to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stabilize prices, and moderate long-term interest rates." Many analysts believe that the central bank should focus primarily on achieving price stability. A stable level of prices appears to be the condition most conducive to maximum sustained output and employment and to moderate long-term interest rates. Experience has shown that the economy performs well when inflation is low. When inflation is low and is expected to remain low, interest rates are usually low as well. Such an environment fosters low unemployment and allows the economy to achieve its growth potential. The ability to maintain a low inflation rate is a long-term measure of the Feds success. To achieve this, the Feds set a variety of intermediate targets including monetary aggregates, reserve aggregates, and interest rates to gauge the impact of its policies on the economy. The actions that the Feds take today influence the economy and the inflation rate over a long time. For that reason, policymakers must consider the long-and short-term effects of achieving any one goal. Beyond influencing the level of prices and the level of output in the near term, the Federal Reserve can contribute to financial stability and better economic performance by limiting the scope of financial disruptions and preventing their spread outside the financial sector.

Supervisory and Regulating

Although the terms bank supervision and bank regulation are often used interchangeably, they actually refer to distinct, but complementary activities. The Federal Reserve has supervisory and regulatory authority over a wide range of financial institutions and activities. It works with other Federal and State authorities to ensure safety and soundness in the operations of financial institutions, stability in the financial markets, and fair and equitable treatment of consumers in their financial transactions.

Bank supervision involves the monitoring, inspecting, and examining of banking organizations to assess their condition and their compliance with relevant laws and regulation. When an institution is found to be in noncompliance or to have other problems, the Federal Reserve may use its supervisory authority to take formal or informal action to have the institution correct the problems. Bank, regulations, entails making and issuing specific regulations and guidelines governing the structure and conduct of banking, under the authority of legislation.

The Federal Reserve shares supervisory and regulatory responsibilities with the office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) at the federal level, with the banking authorities for the international operations of U.S. banks and the operations of foreign banks in the United States. This structure has evolved partly out of the complexity of the U.S. financial system with its many kinds of depository institutions and numerous chartering authorities. It has also resulted from a wide variety of federal and state laws and regulations designed to remedy problems that the U.S. commercial banking system has faced over its history.

Maintaining the Stability of the Financial System

The Federal Reserves system of operation is such that it in itself maintains the stability of the Financial System. The body and function of the system allow for the integrity and stability of the U.S. money supply and maintains a system of checks and balances. The policies in which the Federal Reserve operate under, function to serve as a tool for stability. These policies some of which include the Banking System, Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Payment System, Taxes, and the Rules and Regulations set forth for banking, all play a role in maintaining a stable financial system.

The Employment Act of 146 is a landmark in American economic legislation. It commits the Federal Government to take action through monetary and fiscal policy in order to maintain economic stability.

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) and The Joint Economic Committee (JEC) are the executive branches set up to regulate this act. Their job is to advise and assist the president on economic matters of national interest. The president is then required to submit an annual report to Congress that describes the state of the economy and recommend policies to stabilize it.

The Fiscal Policy is discretionary, meaning that changes in government spending and taxes are at the option of the Federal Government. Taxes, serve as stabilizers. They can be inflated or reduced to help stabilize the economy.

Provision of Financial Services

The Reserve bank serves primarily audiences- Bankers, the U.S. Treasury, and the Public. As banks for the U.S. government, Reserve banks process the Treasurys payments, sell its securities, and assist with its cash management and investment activities. The Fed also distributes currency, and coins, process checks, and offer electronic forms of payment. Finally, Reserve banks conduct research and the National and Regional economies, prepare Reserve bank Presidents for their participation in the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and dissemination information about the economy through publications, speeches, educational workshops and websites.

Reserve banks are often called the "bankers bank" because they store commercial banks excess, and serve as the lender of last resort for these same banks. Through its discount window, the Fed lends money to banks so that a shortage of funds at one institution does not disrupt the flow of money and credit in the entire banking system. The Fed typically makes loan to satisfy a banks unanticipated needs for short-term funds; but the Fed also make longer-term loans to help banks manage seasonal fluctuations in their customers deposit or credit demands.

The Feds also compete with the private sector in its financial services to foster competition in the marketplace and promote innovation and efficiency in the payments system. It does not seek to make a profit from its participation; it sets prices only to recover costs.

The Regional Reserve Banks are responsible for meeting public demand for currency and coins within their districts. The Reserve banks primary responsibility in providing this service is to ensure that fluctuations in the demand for currency and coin do not disrupt the banking industry.

To improve the payment systems, regional Reserve banks introduce new services and enhance old ones.

Federal Reserve banks maintains accounts for the U.S. Treasury, process government checks, postal money orders and U.S. savings bond, and collects Federal tax deposits. Certain Reserve banks also sell new Treasury securities service, outstanding issues, and redeem maturing issues. When the Treasury offers new issues of marketable securities to the public, certain Reserve banks disseminate information about the issues, process orders from customers, collect payments, credit the Treasurys account for the proceeds and deliver the securities. In recent years, the Fed and the U.S. Treasury have introduced electronic processing and delivery in many of these services.

In summarizing, the Federal Reserves ability to conduct monetary policies, supervise banks and provide financial services illustrates the complex yet effective function of the system. What becomes apparent, are not only how important these functions are, but also how effective they are in maintaining the goals of the Central Banking System. It was financial crises, which lead to the creation of the Federal Reserve, and it is a financial crisis that it is now best prepared to handle.

Through the combined efforts of the Board of Governors, Reserve Bank, and FOMC, the Federal Reserve is in a strong position to make monetary policy, provide a safe banking system, and contribute to an effective banking and payment system, all of which help to maintain a healthy economy.

Please note that this sample paper on Banking system is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Banking system, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Banking system will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment cheap custom writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!