Bone Cancer

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Abstract

Bone cancer is a disease that occurs on or inside a bone. Usually, bone cancer involves a tumor filled with abnormal cells that will occasionally appear on the exterior of the bone. Similar to other types of cancer, bone cancer can be life threatening. Doctors are not completely sure what causes cancer, but they continue the search to find an answer. There are five different types of bone cancer that can affect people from ages 10-60 years old. Bone cancer can occur in any bone in the body from the legs to the head. Unfortunately, symptoms of bone cancer are not always obvious. Most of the time, pain is the most apparent symptom. When recognizing symptoms at an early stage, doctors can complete testing and supply treatment to the patient. Treatment for bone cancer usually begins with surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Because of the need to kill all of the abnormal cells that are growing on or inside the bone, treatment for bone cancer can be very powerful. In most cases, treatment is very successful. Before starting cancer treatment, many patients rely on statistics for a survival rate, but statistics are simply averages. Each patient has a different circumstance with his/her disease.

Introduction

There are 06 bones in the human body. Each bone serves several purposes. The bones of the body act as the structure that helps to support and protect many internal organs. The bones also serve as a muscle attachment that connects to the muscle to help during movement. But, most importantly, the bones of the body produce and store cells in the bone marrow. According to the Medicine Net on line, healthy cells grow, divide, and multiply throughout the body. Cells make up the body tissue. However, some cells can become abnormal. Given that healthy cells make up body tissue, unhealthy cells grow and destroy body tissue and can often spread to other parts of the body. This abnormal growth of cells is called cancer. There are more than 100 types of cancer known to man, and 5 out of 100 are bone cancer. Bone cancer is rare. According to a survey by The National Institute of Health and Public Service, only about ,000 new cases of bone cancer in the United States are diagnosed each year. The survey also showed that males are more likely than females to develop bone cancers, and bone tumors are more likely among children and adolescents than among adults.Cheap custom writing service can write essays on Bone Cancer

Types of Bone Cancer

In a recent study of the five types of bone cancers made by The National Cancer Institute, the most common type of bone cancer is Osteosarcoma, which commonly affects people from ages 10-5 years old. Osteosarcoma develops in new tissue usually in the arms, legs, or around the knee joint. Chondrosarcoma is another type of bone cancer. It usually develops in the cartilage of the pelvis, upper part of legs and arms, and the shoulder. Chondrosarcoma affects people from ages 50-60 years old. Ewings Sarcoma is a bone cancer that is known to begin in immature nerve tissue in the bone marrow. It attacks the pelvis, femur, and tibia. Ewings Sarcoma usually affects people from 10-0 years old. The last two types of bone cancer are Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma and Fibrosarcoma. Both of these types of bone cancer are very rare and usually develop in the arms and legs or around the knee joint. Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma and Fibrosarcoma are known to affect middle aged people.

Symptoms of Bone Cancer

Bone cancer can sometimes be hard to detect. Symptoms of bone cancer can develop very slowly if at all. But Medicine Net on line states that the most common symptom of bone cancer is pain. Often, one will develop swelling or tenderness in the affected area. Sometimes, a slightly visible lump may be felt through the skin. Bone cancer can also interfere with body movements like walking or hiking. Broken bones can also result from bone cancer. In one case, a victim of bone cancer recently started seeing symptoms of bone cancer. She developed a strong pain in her knee joint that enabled her to walk. The victim experienced a large amount of swelling around the joint. When she consulted a physician, the patient found that she had a fracture and a cancerous tumor in her knee. Even though the above symptoms can also lead to other injuries or diseases besides bone cancer, it is strongly recommended that one should consult a physician if in doubt.

Diagnosis of Bone Cancer

When diagnosing bone cancer, a doctor must first complete some tests. According to a summary of tests and procedures by Medicine Net on line, a doctor will first ask about a patients personal and family medical history in order to find out if there is any history of cancer in the family. Next, the doctor will order blood tests and x-rays. The exact size, shape, and location of a bone tumor can be seen through an x-ray. Then, a CAT scan (Computed Axial Tomography) will be completed to show whether the cancer has begun to spread to other parts of the body. A CAT scan will give detailed pictures of the cross section of the body. There are also similar tests like an MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and an Angiogram (x-ray of the arteries), but a biopsy is the ultimate test that will make sure that cancer is present in the body. After the victim was told that she had bone cancer, she experienced a biopsy in Seattle, Washington. The Medicine Net on line explained that during a biopsy, doctors test a sample of the bone tumor and determine through a microscope whether or not the tumor is cancerous. The many different tests of bone cancer are very critical to the outcome of the disease. The tests are used for staging the bone cancer. For example, if a patient of bone cancer had a CAT scan, and it showed that the bone cancer was not spreading, the doctors could stage the patients cancer as controlled.

Bone Cancer Treatment

There are three types of treatment for bone cancer surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The treatment preference depends upon the type, location, size, and extent of tumor along with a patients needs. Sometimes, a combination of the three treatments is used on a patient. Because cancer can recur in the original affected area, surgeons often remove the tumor, tissue, and some healthy bone surrounding the tumor. In some cases, especially in children, a metal device will be implanted in place of the bone that was removed by a surgeon. This metal device functions to save a limb and lengthen as the child grows. Another type of treatment is chemotherapy. The National Cancer Institute, which covers both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, states that chemotherapy uses several drugs such as Cyclophosphamide, Vinblastine, and vincristine to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is a very intense treatment that can be given by mouth or by injection into a muscle or blood vessel. Chemotherapy is so powerful that there has to be a treatment period followed by a recovery period, which is usually when one has fully recovered from the intense drugs used in chemotherapy. Recovery periods can vary with each person. The last treatment for bone cancer is radiotherapy. This type of treatment uses high-energy rays to damage cancer cells and stop them from growing. Radiotherapy can sometimes be used in place of surgery to remove the bone cancer. Another use for radiotherapy is to kill cancer cells remaining in the affected area after treatment. All treatments for bone cancer are very strong. The treatments are so strong that they kill not only cancer cells but also some healthy cells.

Statistics of Bone Cancer

According to research taken in 00 by The American Cancer Society, ,400 new cases of bone cancer will be diagnosed this year, and about 1,00 deaths from these cancers are expected. During the study, 5% of all bone cancer cases was Osteosarcoma, 6% was Chondrosarcoma, 16% was Ewings Sarcoma, 8% was Chordoma, and 6% was both Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma and Fibrosarcoma.

Conclusion

The five bone cancers are a very small proportion of the 100 or more cancers known to man. However, the National Cancer Institute is developing and sponsoring clinical trials on bone cancer patients in many hospitals and cancer centers. The National Cancer Institute is trying to find new effective treatments and methods for bone cancer. The future for bone cancer patients is very promising. Doctors and scientists are hoping to discover the cure for cancer in the next ten years.

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Nonse

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~Colonel Jack~

Officer Jim Reed sighed and stared out the windshield of the black and white designated 1-Adam-1. It had been a slow day, consisting only of several traffic citations, and one 11 that turned out to be a false alarm. Much as he enjoyed the fact that crime in L.A. seemed to have slowed down, it made his day fairly uninteresting. He glanced over at his partner, Pete Malloy, his senior and the driver of 1-Adam-1.

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Hey, Pete.

The older officer turned his blonde head. Yeah?

Its 10. Arent you getting a little hungry? Jims blue eyes pleaded for food.

Pete smiled, his own stomach aching for fuel. Call us code 7.

Jim eagerly reached for the mic, and crossed his fingers. 1-Adam-1, requesting code 7.

The monotone of the dispatchers voice replied almost immediately. 1-Adam-1, stand by for call.

Jim whimpered and leaned back against the headrest.

Why do they always do that to us? Pete scowled. Every time we try to eat, they send us on a call, which always turns out to be a false alarm.

That just proves my theory that Dispatch is a bunch of aliens who want to see how long they can starve Earthling police officers.

Pete smiled at his young friends joke. He was cooking up a good comeback, when the dispatcher came over the radio again.

1-Adam-1, unknown situation, 7 Laker Street. Be advised.

1-Adam-1, roger. Jim replied, writing the address on the pad of paper next to the radio. He clicked the mic off and stared at the address a few seconds. Hey, isnt that the address of someone we pulled over earlier?

I think so. Pete flipped on the lights and sirens, and gunned the engine, wanting to finish this call as quickly as possible.

Three minutes later, they arrived at the location, and cautiously approached the house. No one was outside, but a white car in the driveway confirmed their suspicion that they had talked to this man once already today.

Lets go see if our friend is willing to talk to us. Pete donned his black cap and walked to the doorstep. As always, Jim followed like an obedient dog.

The senior officer rapped on the door. It was shortly opened by a brown-haired man in his late twenties.

Danny, right? Jim took out his notepad.

Yeah. Danny looked at the officers nervously. Can I help you officers? You said I didnt have to pay my fine for another thirty days...

Its not about that, Pete cut in. We received a call about an unknown disturbance. Can you tell us what that call was about?

I dont know what youre talking about. Danny fidgeted in the doorway. You must have gotten the wrong address.

There was no mistake. Is your grandmother home? Wed like to talk to her.

The man shook his head. Shes not home right now.

Jim exchanged a skeptical glance with his partner. Do you mind if we come inside and have a look around?

No, not at all. Danny gestured for the officers to enter the house, and closed the door behind them.

Jim wandered around the entry room, looking at the table and decorations. He spied a picture hanging on the wall. Is that your grandmother? He pointed to the photograph.

What? Danny started. Oh, yeah, thats her. It was taken a few years ago, when she went on a trip to Florida.

Wheres your grandmother now, Mr. Usui? Pete refused to give up on the mentioned topic.

The man being questioned winced slightly under the piercing gaze of the officers hazel eyes.

I told you shes not here right now.

Could you tell us where she is?

Danny sighed. He knew he could never shake Malloy. Nothing would hold the officer back when he was determined. Oh, I think shes dead. Shes in the shower.

Both officers turned to him, their eyes wide at this revelation.

Pete spoke first. Could you show us?

Sure. Danny led the officers up the stairs, and directed them into a tiled room.

The two perplexed partners looked at each other and proceeded to the shower stall on the opposite side of the room. A yellow blanket clustered in the stall, bunched irregularly. Pete reached down and pulled the blanket up, off the body of Danny Usuis dead grandmother.

I dont want to say anything else until I speak to my attorney because this is a felony and I never committed a murder before, Danny blurted out.

Jim eyes danced with silent laughter, forcing Pete to take a serious face and turn to Danny. He held back a smile as he pulled out his handcuffs and gave the man his rights.

You have to right to remain silent...

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Bob and the builder

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My name is Jeffrey Ward and will be a graduating senior in the spring semester of the 00 school year. I believe I am prepared to take my education to the next level. I believe I am deserving of an athletic scholarship because I can bring a lot to the table at any university. My coaches and teachers have done a good job preparing me for the future. I have passed and received credits for every class I have taken. All my teachers say I am a good listener and a hard worker. I work well with others in class, and always turn in my work on time, well I try. Well have been on the B+ honor roll for my whole High school career. If someone was to offer me an athletic scholarship, they would not be sorry. I will work hard and continue to improve my education and status as a stand-up citizen. I believe that I will do well in college because I have received many complements from people about how proud I have made them, and they look forward to see me become a big success.

Some extra curricular activities of mine include sports, hunting & fishing, and working out. I have excelled in many sports aspect of my life. I have received many awards for football, track, and when I was younger, for golf. I am a member of the Red River team, and the Golden Spread team for two years. I have been All-District Quarterback for two years, and now an All-District Punter. I have qualified for the Regional Track Meet for two years. I work hard at sports, and hope to become a collegiate athlete. I also participate in basketball and baseball. Hunting is my next favorite thing to do when I am not on the game field or on the court. It allows you to just let loose and rest and relax. Working out is another thing I enjoy, it allows me to faster and stronger than my competition. It close lets you get some frustration out, and to focus on something better.

Last, my work history is pretty impressive. I have been a farm hand since I was nine years old. I believe I have worked hard, and contribute a lot to my grandfathers farmland. I can operate heavy machinery, and handle the pressure of the job. Our family now owns the 8650, 460, 650, 4740, and 5800 combine series of equipment. About seven years ago our farm went bankrupt and we lost everything. My grandfather and I have worked hard to turn that tragedy around. We are doing very well now. I made an income of about $1,00 last summer. My work ethic and many more reasons is why I deserve an athletic scholarship. I have stated that I work hard and will continue to improve my status in the eyes of many family and friends.

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