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Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Although natural sources of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides do exist, more than 0% of the sulphur and 5% of the nitrogen emissions occurring in eastern North America come from human origin. These primary air pollutants come from the use of coal in the production of electricity, from base metal smelting, and from fuel combustion in vehicles. Once released into the atmosphere, they can be converted chemically into such secondary pollutants as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, both of which dissolve easily in water. The resulting acidic water droplets can be carried long distances by very strong winds, returning to Earth as acid rain, snow, or fog. Who is affected? Basically every one who comes in contact with acid rain is affected. Among one of the serious side effects of acid pollution on humans is respiratory problems. The SO and NO emissions give rise to respitory problems such as asthma, dry coughs, headaches, eye, nose and throat irritations. An indirect effect of acid rain on humans is that the toxic metals dissolved in the water are absorbed in fruits, vegetables and in the tissues of animals. Even though these toxic metals do not directly affect the animals, they have serious effects on humans when they are being eaten. How did it happen? One of the main causes of acid rain is sulphur dioxide. Natural sources that let out this gas are volcanoes, sea spray, rotting vegetation and plankton. However, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are largely to be blamed for about half of the emissions of this gas in the world. When sulphur dioxide gets in the atmosphere, it oxidizes to first form a sulphate ion. It then becomes sulphuric acid as it joins with hydrogen atoms in the air and falls back down to earth in the form of acid rain, snow, or fog. Oxidation occurs the most in clouds and especially in heavily polluted air where other compounds such as ammonia and ozone help to speed up the reaction, changing more sulphur dioxide to sulphuric acid. When did it start? Since acid rain is emitted from natural sources such as volcanoes, sea spray, rotting vegetation and degassing plankton, acid rain has always been around. Although the first recorded acid rain „storm" was in 144 when readings of pH .4(as acidic as vinegar) were recorded during storms in New England. Where is the problem? Acid pollution ranges everywhere from the U.S.(the worlds biggest producer of sulfur dioxide) to the Arctic(the world smallest producer of sulfur dioxide). Because of prevailing winds acidic water droplets can be carried long distance, returning to earth as acid rain, snow or fog. Canada, for example, produces about half of its own acid rain and imports the rest from the U.S. There are 4 ways to reduce gases (which contain sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) from power plants. The first and probably best way is energy conservation. This means using less energy. Less energy means less coal burned in power plants. Burning less
coal means less acid in the air. Burning low-sulfur coal is the second step. There is a difference between high-sulfur coal and low-sulfur coal. High-sulfur coal will give off more sulfur in the air when it is burned. Burning low-sulfur coal will give off less sulfur, which means less acid will enter the air. However, high- sulfur costs two-thirds the price of low-sulfur coal. Then there are smokestack scrubbers. Scrubbers capture sulfur from smoke before it enters the air. The captured sulfur is mixed with other things, such as lime. This creates a semiliquid, which looks like wet cement. This also becomes a problem. The captured sulfur has nowhere to go. One power plant can capture an amount of 400 tons of sulfur mixture a day. Then theres the last way-search for alternate energy sources. One alternate source is nuclear power, but some believe this source may create problems even worse than acid rain. Other sources include solar power (power from the sun) and wind power. These two sources have hardly ever been tried.
Everything in our surrounding water, air, trees, natural resources… is our environment.Our planet has many eecological problems. The Earth has to support very many people.We consume a lot of natural resources and therefore we make a lot of garbage.Then we have to solve a very big problem where we will put all of this garbage?! In the Ocean?Yes Ocean is very big but what about toxic waste, nuclear waste it is very danger give this waste to the Ocean because Ocean of course is our environment!Some people say that in futurethe Moon will be our big garbage dump.I think that this is possible because there will be no more room on Earth! Cheap Custom Essays on Environmental problems
GLOBAL WARMING
Another problem is global warming.Many scientists believe that the hole in the ozon layer is caused by certain kinds of air pollution.As the hole gets bigger it is supposed that the Earth will get warmer and it means that the oceans to rise and wather to change.
AMAZON FOREST
Maybe I could tell you something about The Amazon Forest .This forest is very importatnt for the future of the world.This area contains one third of the worlds trees.However, the trees are disappearing.This is causing changes in the climate In Peru there is less snow
In Bolivia there is less rain and more wind
Why are the Amazon forests being cut?People need the land ,people have money from the trees,people built roads and Brazil owes money to internacional organization and they cut trees and they pay back debt
What will happen if more of the Amazon forest cut down? There will be serious effects on the worlds climate
The air that we breathe will lose some of its oxygen
It means that in the air will be more carbon dioxide.It will become difficult- perhaps even impossible to breathe!With more carbon dioxide in the air the temperature will rise,the ice capsat the North and South Poles will melt, the sea level will rise, and hundreds of coastal cities will be flooded.
OCEAN
How I said before seas and oceans are very important for human life.There live many kinds of animals gor example whales dolphins, sharks, fishes etc…Seas fish are very important because they are important part of human food.The most fish consume China, Russia and Japanesse.Very important is water from the sea.This water contains mineralsand for example our is from this water.In the bottom under the land there is crude oil and gus.But people are very inconsiderate and they cause that our seas are polutted in this time saes and oceands are our big garbage dump.We should ask if we will continue what we will do in the future?
CZECH REPUBLIC
Also Czech Republic has its own problems.Probably the worst problem is air pollution.People burn brown coal which is the dirtiest kind. Factories fill the air with smelly and dangerous smoke.In winter the air is unpleasant .In parts of country especially in Northern Bohemia, Prague and around Ostrava people have many health problems.
Another big problem is the destruction of nature.Industry and ever-increasing population have destroyed many forests.This problem is called deforestation.People always need more space, factories, paper, wood.In the past twenty years many beautiful old forests in Moravia and Bohemia have been destroyed. But people establish CHKO Landscape protected region here live many endangered species and you can find here many interesting plants.In LPR people are not allowed to make a noise ,faire,drop a litter go out from signated paths…
ANIMALS
Endangered species in CR frogs,stork,lynx…
Endangered species in the world Panda,whales,elephants,tiger…
SOLVE OF THESE PROBLEMS
What we can do to solve these problems? Education, discussions and debate are very important.In US so many people complained about the packinkg Mcdonaldsthat the company changed packing
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