Philosophy of Nursing

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I believe that personal philosophy is based on knowledge. In 171 Kneeler described five kinds of knowledge (cited in Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb, 00 , p. ); revealed- disclosed by god, intuitive- based in self-discovery, rational - logic derived, empirical - based on observation or experiment, and authoritative- vouched for by authorities. At times, knowledge is gained through epiphany, and our own life experience (revealed and intuitive). At other times we learn from the experiences and experiments of others (authoritative and empirical). Sometimes we know things are so because they just make sense (rational). Learning is a life long process. As our knowledge increases our personal philosophy grows, the two becoming tightly woven about one another and becoming ultimately inseparable.

My personal philosophy defines who I am as a human being. It shapes my life and drives my daily experience as I interact with myself, my family, strangers, my environment, and my world. The keystone of my personal philosophy is listed by Watson, as one of the critical values in Nursing; "a belief in the dignity and worth of each person" (as cited in Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb, 00, p. 15). A second fundamental piece of my personal philosophy is the Native American proverb 'before you can know someone you must walk two moons in their moccasins. I remember vividly the first time I was introduced the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Anonymous, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and More, 001). At last! A short cut to walking two moons, a way to understand someone by looking at their circumstances. Maslows theory prioritizes human needs from most basic physiologic needs such as oxygen, food, water and constant body temperature, necessary to maintain life, to the ultimate human potential, self-actualization.

How then does a personal philosophy integrate with the elements of nursing practice, environment, health, illness, and nursing? What follows is an exploration of how my personal views integrate with the philosophies of other nurses in terms of environment, health, illness and nursing,

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Environment

A definition of environment will vary from one person to another. Blais. Hayes, Kozier and Erb (00) define environment as "the internal & external surroundings that effect the client, including people in the physical environment, such as families friends, and significant others"(pg. 1). Rogers describes environment as "all that is outside a given human field" (as cited in Blais et al., 00, p. 4). I would go even further than Rogers and add 'throughout their existence". In other words, our environment is everything we interact with throughout our lives. If we consider Rogerss broad definition of environment, an individuals environment extends through their interaction with other s. When I interact with another, their environment becomes part of mine because it defines their reality and their reality interacts with mine. Further, past experiences with our environment pattern present and future interactions. Following this chain of thought, we truly see environment as infinite. On more a practical level, the key concept for me,, our environment determines where we are on Maslows Hierarchy. Where we are on Maslows Hierarchy affects our interaction with our environment and that includes the nurse-patient relationship.

Health

Health has been described as the absence of disease. Nightingale (cited in Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb, 00) defined health as a state of "being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent."(pg 7) The World Health Organization (cited in Blais et al., 00) defines health "as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."(p.7) My definition of health would include a little Maslow in the mix; health is a state of physical, mental and social well being which allows the individual to work towards self-actualization.

Illness

Illness is defined by Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb ( 00) as "a highly personal state in which the person feels ill. Illness is highly subjective and only the individual person can say he or she is ill." (p. 8) Once again, I would toss a little Maslow in and define illness as any internal condition that infers with the individuals ability to achieve self-actualization. Any internal condition that interferes with an individuals ability to meet their need for oxygen prevents attainment of self-actualization and causes a state of illness. Any condition that interferes with an individuals ability to meet their need for nutrition prevents attainment of self-actualization and causes a state of illness. Any internal condition that interferes with the individuals ability to be secure, belong, or maintain self respect prevents attainment of self actualization and causes a state of illness.

Nursing

The definition of nursing depends on the theorist. Henderson, in 155, (cited in Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb, 00) defines the function of the nurse "to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to the health or recovery that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible."(p. ) Jacobs (001) defines Nursing as "respect of human dignity". She further states; "Nursings central phenomenon …is to ennoble the lives of the people who nurses relate to in community"(pg?). Still adding a little Maslow into the mix, I define Nursing as ennobling the lives of our clients by assisting them in the activities they would perform themselves in their journey towards self actualization, in such a way as to help them gain independence as rapidly as possible.

It is very difficult to face the demands of caring for people from day to day with out the solid foundation of a personal philosophy. Ethical issues are a frequent component of nursing in the twenty first century. A sound personal and nursing philosophy is required to deal compassionately and comfortably with issues such as abortion, allocation of resources, termination of health care efforts, use of restraints, caring for prisoners, etc. For me, investigation and development of a personal philosophy is a prerequisite for a joyful life and a fulfilling career in nursing.

References

Anonymous. (001, October 15). [Maslows Hierarchy of Needs] Retrieved April , 00, from Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and More http//www.connect.net/georgen/maslow.htm

Blais, K., RN, Ed.D, Hayes, J. S., RN, Ph.D, Kozier, B., RN, MN, & Erb, G. R. B. (00). Professional Nursing Practice, 4th ed.. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Prentice Hall.

Edwards, S. D., (001). Benner and Wrubel on caring in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, (), 167-171.

Jacobs, B. B. (001). Respect for human dignity A central phenomenon to philosophically unite nursing theory and practice through consilience of knowledge. Advances in Nursing Science, 4(1), 17-5.

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DRINKING AND DRIVING

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Mr. Speaker, this past week in my district I had the privilege and the opportunity to present the first-ever Freedom Works Award to Emmit Smith, runningback for the Dallas Cowboys. It was a great privilege for me to do that in that in my initial discussions with Emmit about the opportunity to receive this award, which was created to acknowledge and recognize individuals for their personal service in their communities, that Emmit Smith insisted that, if the award were to be given, that it should be about neither football nor politics but about service. I applauded him for his point of view and said that he was exactly right.

Emmit Smith is a person that has done exemplary service in his community in a quiet way through Emmit Smith Charities. He has followed up on his initial expression of service and appreciation by keeping his promise to his mother, and in his off-season, even though he obviously has no economic need to do so, Emmit Smith went back and completed his college education and received his degree as a tribute to his mother and the promise that he made.

In addition to that, through Emmit Smith Charities he has personally provided over ,000 meals to distressed families in the community during holiday seasons and using that as an opportunity to express his conviction that freedom works best when it is expressed in service to people other than yourself.

What really touches me most about Emmit Smith and his work in the community is that he actively seeks out through Emmit Smith Charities distressed children in distressed communities in distressed homes and provides for them his personal encouragement; that if you will attend to your studies and if you will keep yourself clean of drugs, violence, and crime, and if you will do your work in your home and in your own community, that Emmit Smith himself will pay for their college education.

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What better illustration of an individual who does not need to but feels compelled, out of his own commitment, to serve, to look after the needs of other people? I was proud to have that time with Emmit Smith. I hope that his receiving of this award will stand as an example to others to put freedom first through service to others.

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Y2K BuG

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David Eggleston Review of Literature /4/ Teri Ferguson YK Bug The turn of the century is rapidly approaching. This should be a time of high hopes for the future; the United States has advanced in all sorts of technology. The United States has advanced a great deal with computers, which are able to automate many difficult jobs, calculate extravagant equations, and make life easier for most people. The computer is an amazing tool allowing the United States to excel in the world. But, computers can also be the loadstone of the United States in the year 000. The computer bug commonly known as YK can cause this. YK will cause a computers date registry to read "00" in which the computer will interpret "100". Many people have their own opinions about how this will effect the United States and to what degree it will be effected, if the United States will be effected at all. A writer for Time Magazine states that there are wide ranges of people that are being affected in different ways by the YK problem. The author describes how many people are preparing for the worst and that some of those people believe that the Biblical Armageddon will arrive in the year 000. It was stated that the YK problem is just another thing to keep people entertained. This was described by how the movie industry moved from spy movies such as "James Bond" at the end of the cold war to more sci-fi movies such as "Godzilla" because there was no real world problem. The purpose of this article is to simply point out that there is an actual problem with the YK phenomenon in order to make people aware that there are dangers even if it is just in the form of doomsayers. This point of the author is strong enough and realistic enough to make the problem known to the people but does not display any idea one way or the other. A marketing organization known as Arial Marketing posted a contingency plan on the internet that gives a view that there is going to be a strong enough problem with YK that one must prepare for it. This argument is supported by a few quotes from officials and high-ranking people in their respective fields. Arial Marketing made this posting slanting toward the fact that there will definitely be a problem with YK. Arial Marketing has even posted bad and a worst case preparation table. The purpose of this site is to tell people that their will be a YK problem and that in order to help people prepare for a situation Eggleston two. This opinion is a strong one that is well presented and cautious with the quotes from many people backing it up. In "The Year 000 Problem The Year the Earth Stands Still" Written by a one Gary North, Gary North clearly argues his own opinion about the YK problem. He really does not support his case by any facts other than his strong determination to make sure that everyone knows his point of view. The point of view that he tends to support is one of terrible visions of the absolute worst case scenario of the YK problem. He does not have any other kind of opinion of anything less and is quite sure of the idea that the world will crash because of the YK problem. The purpose of this article is to display Gary Norths opinion of the YK problem in order to get people to prepare for the worst. The argument that Gary North has presented is a weak one for he has only state opinionated facts and has not supported this argument with any hard evidence. In just under a year the year 000 will arrive with many hopes but it will also arrive with a YK bug. This bug will definitely affect some things, and maybe affect major things. The only thing that the people can do is simply prepare for the worst and hope for the best. Many organizations and even the government of the United States are working and hacking at this problem. Many organizations are making headway and will be ready to great the new millennium; others will most likely still be cracking down on the problem. The thing that the individual all the way to the general population must realize is that worrying and predicting doom are the major problems that society is facing and will face during the year 000.

Please note that this sample paper on Y2K BuG is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Y2K BuG, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Y2K BuG will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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