Nation Park System

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The "National Park" idea or concept is generally credited to one man, George Catlin (176-187) who traveled expansively among the native people in America through out his lifetime. In 18, George traveled through the Dakotas worrying about the safeguarding of Americas westward expansion, wildlife, and the wilderness. In doing so, he wrote, "by some great protecting policy of government…in a magnificent park…a nations park, containing man and beast, in all the wild and freshness of their natures beauty!" (1) Years later in 1864, Congress donated Yosemite Valley to California for the preservation as a state park. Eight years later, in 187, Congress reserved the spectacular Yellowstone country (Yellowstone National Park) in the Wyoming and Montana territories "as a public park or pleasuring ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people." It wasnt really until August 5, 116, when President Woodrow Wilson signed the "Organic Act" creating the National Park Service (NPS), which was responsible for protecting all 40 national parks and monuments in America. (1)

Another great contribution to the preservation of Americas environment is a man who spent his life to protect and conserve most of the lands resources, John Muir also known as "The Greatest Californian."() Muir began his conservation career in the late 1880s and his death in 114 caused the nation to be committed in his spirit to the wise use of the natural resources we have. Many people believe that in a nutshell, that was his greatness as a human being. All of Muirs writings have moved Presidents in the same way along with Congressmen to take critical action to Americas land use. He wrote in American Forests, "Any fool can destroy trees. They cannot run away; and if they could, they would still be destroyed - - chased and hunted down as long as fun or a dollar could be got out of their bark hides, branching horns, or magnificent bole backbones… Through all the wonderful, eventful centuries since Christs time - - and long before that - - God has cared for these trees… but he cannot save them from fools - - only Uncle Sam can do that."() From this quote, President Cleveland established 1 Forest Reserves totaling more than 1 million acres and the creation of what was to become the U.S. Forest Service. Muir also had a direct hand in the establishment of Yosemite National Park in 180 and two years later, he helped found and was president for life of the Sierra Club, private watchdog of the environment. ()

In todays society, there are many economic interests that threaten the national parks all the time. President Bush has overturned plans that Clinton had made to banish snowmobiles for being driven in the national parks. Nicholas D. Kristof of The New York Times has written that they "conjure an image of rabid rednecks roaring around the geysers, terrifying the elk and leaving even the bison in need of gas masks." (4) Nicholas also said, "Yellowstone will continue to be polluted and degraded, simply to placate the snowmobile industry." (4) Through all this being said, in the early 10s, snowmobiles were almost banned from all national parks due to their noisy motors and the pollution they put out. Now that the industry was running out of time, they magically do something they said couldnt be done. They made a snowmobile that was much more sufficient to the environment still making them legal to ride. As for a final statement in Nicholass article, he wrote, "And as for Yellowstone, the moose and bison should share it each winter with humans even humans on snowmobiles." (4) Buy custom Nation Park System term paper

In 004, President Bush has proposed a budget to accelerate efforts to restore national parks all over the country. In the FY 004 Budget Proposal it said, "This budget proposal reflects a strong commitment to enhance programs benefiting the National Park Service community and partnership efforts as well as the 88 sites within the National Park System. Key budget priorities will help to restore and maintain national parks, strengthen law enforcement programs, and expand volunteer and partnership opportunities." (5) NPS Director Fran Mainella said, "The President understands and appreciates the value of Americas parks and special places." He also included, "This budget is a solid demonstration of his commitment to preserve and protect the cultural and natural resources protected in these treasured places. This budget also brings a new level of awareness to the importance of volunteers and partnership programs, and the role each plays as stewards of these public lands." (5)

On June 1, 00 the press released the headlines, "NPS Director Lauds President Bushs Initiative To Promote Improved Health Through Visiting National Parks." (6) In this article it said, "National Park Service (NPS) Director Fran Mainella applauded the efforts of President Bushs new Healthier US Initiative announced June 1 to promote improved health through the benefits of physical activity and the stress reducing experiences that visiting national parks and participating in park programs provide. As part of the Presidents Comprehensive Fitness Agenda, the Initiative will include an entrance fee-free weekend on June -, 00, to all national park sites across the country." (6) Director Fran Mainella also said, "I am very pleased to join with the President and Interior Secretary Norton in inviting all of America to come out and visit the magnificent natural and cultural resources throughout our country. We share a deep appreciation of the value of national parks and the role they play in the physical fitness and well being of all Americans. The entrance fee-free weekend will be a wonderful opportunity for our visitors to experience national parks and exercise their minds and bodies while uplifting their spirits." (6)

One problem that many U.S. National Parks have a problem with is the tourism that comes to their park every year. Many people are going to parks doubling the tourism for many events that the parks hold, but in some cases, people begin to take advantage of the park at the event. In Moab, Utah, it hosts and annual Jeep Safari around Easter time which has in fact attracted more then 1,500 jeep and sports utility enthusiasts, adding to the already large number of hikers, bicyclists and vehicle drivers who throng to Moab every spring. Maggie Wyatt, manager of federal government land around Moab, says, Our experience is that the Jeep Safari participants themselves are extremely well behaved. They dont want to lose their permit, they want to be able to continue doing this every year; they stay on existing routes that are approved for the Jeep Safari, they caution people not to be driving off those roads. Theyre very diligent about taking along a port-a-potty and picking up trash. Theyre just great. You know, I wish every one would behave that way. (7) She has also included that of the one million people who visit Moabs parklands every year, far too many are careless; "They drive off-road in places where theyre not supposed to. They camp where theyre not supposed to. They tear limbs off trees for firewood." (7) According to the experts, this damage they have created is in fact long lasting.

My belief in the National Park Service is that it should uphold all of the responsibilities to create an environment for all human beings and animals to be able to come together to learn more about what they are and what they do. I think that the situation with the snowmobiles and other touring machines is that that in fact should all be banned because when you are able to use those machines to look around nature, then in a reality, you are cheating. More organizations should be created to protect such endangered animals and also seal off certain parts of the parks, so that no human should be allowed in; only paths might be created with surveillance. As for Presidents in the near future, they should pay more attention to the preservation of our environment and whatever may be inside it.

Works Cited

(1) = National Parks A Brief History. 16 May 00

http//usparks.about.com/library/weekly/aa0158.htm

() = Ecology Hall of Fame John Muir Biography. 16 May 00

http//www.ecotopia.org/ehof/muir/bio.html

() = The Importance Of John Muir John Muir Exhibit Sierra Club. 16 May 00

http//www.sierraclub.org

(4) = Kristof, Nicholas D. "Nature, snowmobiles can coexist." New York Times 6 Dec.

00

(5) = Presidents FY 004 Proposed Budget Accelerates Efforts To Restore National

Parks. Feb. 00 http//data.itc.nps.gov/release/Detail.cfm?ID=56

(6) = NPS Director Lauds President Bushs Initiative To Promote Improved Health

Through Visiting National Parks. 1 June 00 http//data.itc.nps.gov/release/Detail.cfm?ID=67

(7) = Schlender, Shelley. Problems Tourists at National Parks in Utah. 7 May 00

http//greennature.com/article1046.html

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