Baccarat

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BACCARAT, STYLE AND PERFECTION

Their taste for moderation, which is required for both technical and commercial reasons, means that Baccarat only produces pieces that are so well designed and perfectly manufactured that they are able to withstand the test of time. Far from becoming old-fashioned, their sets of crystalware, created a long time ago, are ageless and have now become accepted as classics.

Yolande Amic, extract from the Baccarat 1764 - 164 exhibition catalogue.

The 1th century from fame to supremacyWrite my Essay on Baccarat for me

Baccarat very quickly excelled in producing sets of crystal glasses.

In 1841 they designed the Harcourt range, the result of numerous attempts to obtain the best possible degree of light within the crystal. The glass included the famous flat engraved section, the plainness of which showed the light in the crystal off to its best advantage.

Throughout the first half of the 1th century Baccarat became renowned in the Expositions Nationales des Produits de lIndustrie Francaise (National Exhibitions of French Industrial Products). All of these events provided the glass-works with the opportunity of presenting new creations, each of which was awarded the First Prize. In 187 Baccarat was the first crystal manufacturer to present lamps made of crystal and coloured pieces.

Baccarat continued developing techniques for refining crystal and colouring methods. The crowning glory in the companys history occurred at the first Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1855 when Baccarats exhibition included candelabras over five metres high and chandeliers bearing 140 lights.

Their success was repeated at the second Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1867 when they exhibited a magnificent pair of ruby red-coated vases engraved by Jean-Baptist Simon. These two vases, which were unanimously hailed as masterpieces, today form part of the collection that belongs to the Baccarat Museum in Paris. In 1867 the company also presented a crystal fountain over seven metres high. Once again Baccarat was awarded the First Prize.

Besides these outstanding creations Baccarat also continued to invent new techniques, train an elite team of specialist staff including glassmakers, cutters, engravers, gilders, etc. whose talent emerged in the shape of sets of glasses, vases and decorative objects. Cave Elphant, designed in 1878 for the Exposition Universelle, is a handsome example of the quality of their work.

Baccarats style was confirmed by the end of the 1th century. Whenever an object left the glass-works people were able to say its from Baccarats.

0th century tradition and modern style

Fashions and fleeting infatuations have always been landmarks in the history of the decorative arts from the Art Nouveau of 100 through to the style of the 10s. During this time Baccarat has always confirmed its identity, never giving way to the whims of fashion. The crystal manufacturers continue to create pieces in which the glassmakers blow is visible and in which the engraver has left his mark.

Baccarat has become a unique place where artists are free to express their art but where the workforce, the companys most treasured asset, still comes first.

In 116 Baccarat welcomed a young artist George Chevalier into the works. His creations, whether sets of glasses, lamps, perfume bottles but also animal sculptures, had a major influence on the art of glassmaking until the beginning of the 160s.

The first abstract crystal sculptures figure alongside the 1th-century pieces and the works of Chevalier. These pieces proved successful and Baccarat was encouraged to develop this aspect of their activity.

The 170s and 80s included works by artists and designers who confirmed Baccarats place in the history of contemporary design.

In 1 Baccarat created its first collection of jewellery designed by Catherine Noll, Evelyne Julienne and Thomas Bastide.

Today Baccarat is furthering a creative approach that is resolutely contemporary and that attracts such artists as Andre Putman and Mathias. This research has culminated in the Rencontres collection, a joint project between Baccarat and artists that combines experience with imagination. The 000 and 001 ranges were signed by Catherine Chaillou and Serge Mansau.

BACCARAT (bakara) masculine noun (188 from Baccarat, name of a town)

Crystal from the Baccarat production plant

Baccarat glasses

Petit Robert, French dictionary

Origins

In the 18th century the glassware of Bohemia invaded the East of France. The Bishop of Metz Louis de Montmorency-Laval, whose estates included the lands of Baccarat, was unhappy about the situation. He wrote to Louis XV in the following terms

There is a lack of fine glassware in France and it is for this reason that Bohemian glassware is entering our country in such quantities. Huge amounts of French currency are leaving the country just when our kingdom needs it the most.

From glassware to crystalware

In 1764 Louis XV authorised the prelate to open a glass-works. The Sainte-Anne Glass-works in Baccarat was founded. In 1816 after the Revolution and the Empire wars a crystal industrialist Gabriel-Aim dArtigues reopened the works, this time specialising in crystalware.

In 18 Baccarat recorded its first prestigious commission from Louis XVIII who ordered a set of glasses that were just becoming popular.

Orders were soon pouring in from France and abroad.

Baccarat adopted a commercial policy for conquering foreign markets and, as early as the Restoration of Louis XVIII, played a part in extending Frances influence and quickly overtook their Bohemian and English rivals.

Perfection

Perfection is still the aim as far as todays crystalware is concerned. Baccarats success lies in employing the best glass craftsmen, blowers and engravers, using the latest technology, showing the crystal off at its very best in all the pieces and initiating any changes in fashion.

Baccarat was awarded the First Prize at all the Expositions Universelles that took place in the latter half of the 1th century. Over the years Baccarat has acquired an international reputation while exporting an image of the French art of gracious living.

Baccarat sent its representatives to the five continents. It opened branches in Bombay, Saint-Petersburg, Moscow, Sydney, Persia, Egypt and America. The whole world is included in the firms sphere of activity, whether it be a simple glass or an elaborate chandelier. All the crowned heads flocked to the Baccarat stand at the Expositions Universelles where it became the spot at which sumptuousness and prestige prevailed.

At the end of the 1th century a furnace was reserved exclusively for crystalware ordered by the Russian Imperial Court. The furnace was known as the Russian Furnace and it produced outstanding pieces such as the candelabras of the Tsar and Tsarina and the service known as the Tsar Service which included a vodka glass. In order to reduce the risk of breakage mule-drawn carts laden with crystal set out from the glass-works for Russia.

The instruments of success

Even at the beginning of the 0th century the Baccarat glass-works was a model company both in industrial terms and regarding its commercial policy. Baccarat was present on all the continents and was also a forerunner in social progress, opening schools, creating retirement and provident funds and giving employees shares in the profits decades before the various employment laws came into force.

Baccarat was the first glass-works to produce perfume bottles and in 107 it produced 4,000 a day. The company was continually on the look out for innovative ideas and in the 10s they worked with prestigious artists who provided the crystal industry with a new lease of life and whose work included creating a range of mythical animals.

Even though the Russian and Indian markets may have dried up during the 0th century, Baccarat has asserted its presence abroad its success on the American market was confirmed in 148 when it opened a shop on Madison Avenue, which became the starting point for rapid expansion in the United States. In 184 the explosion of the Asian market led to the creation of Baccarat Pacific whose Registered Office is in Tokyo.

Forwards

In 188 Baccarat joined the Louvre Group and this provided it with new development perspectives while enabling it to maintain its approach where tradition and creativity are at the service of the most prestigious crystal.

At the beginning of the 1st century, Baccarat is managed by Anne-Claire Tattinger and has become the worlds leading producer of luxury crystalware. 70% of Baccarats turnover is a result of international contracts and the company accounts for 48% of French hand-made crystal exports. Baccarat is represented in 85 countries and has over 40 exclusive shops in New York, Peking, London and São Paulo, to name but a few.

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