Martin Luther King

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World wide racism has been an issue, and still is. Many people have tried to solve this problem in many ways. One way that is common is influencing people through speech. A number of the speakers were successful and others unsuccessful. Martin Luther King Jr. was definitely one of the many very successful.

As many already know, Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights leader for the black people of America. "American clergyman and Nobel Prize winner, one of the principal leaders of the American civil rights movement and a prominent advocate of nonviolent protest."1 King was a leader during the 150s and the 160s. "His charismatic leadership inspired men and women, young and old, in this nation and around the world." "His wisdom, his words, his actions, his commitment, and his dream for a new way of life are intertwined with the American experience."

The life of Martin started in 1. He was born and raised in Atlanta Georgia. Michael Luther King his original name but was changed to Martin. Martin was the first son and the second child. Christine was Martins older sister and had a younger brother named Alfred Daniel. The two proud parents were Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and, Alberta Williams King.

At five years of age Martin began his life as a student. Martin excelled throughout his entire academic career. Having scored very highly on his entry college exams, he skipped the ninth and twelfth grades. King never formally graduated before he started college at the age of fifteen. He graduated with a bachelors degree in sociology in 148. Martin then enrolled in Crozer Theological Seminary. He then went to Boston where he earned a doctoral degree in systematic theology in 155. Martin was now known as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr..Custom writing service can write essays on Martin Luther King

While in Boston, Martin had met his love. Her name was Coretta Scott. She was a native and a music student. The marriage occurred in 15. They were the proud parents of four children. The two boys were Martin Luther III and Dexter Scott. His two daughters, Yolanda Denise and Bernice Albertine.

Kings speaking abilities started to show through his collegiate years. He received second place in a speech contest. He took two public speaking courses in his first year. At the end of his third year, Martin was praised for the strong and powerful impressions he made during discussions and public speeches. Martin was adapting the nature of Protestant ministers who preached against racism in America. An important person in the shaping of Martins theological development was Benjamin E. Mays.

Martin entered the Christian ministry in 148. Following this, he obtained a job as an Assistant Pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church. After completing his studies at Boston University, he became a pastor for Dexter Avenue from September 154 to November 15.

"Dr. King was a pivotal figure in the civil rights movement."4 On December 5, 155 Rosa Parks refused to obey the city of Montgomery rules mandating segregation on buses. Martin was elected president of the newly-formed Montgomery Improvement Association by the Black residents who had launched a bus boycott. Martin had gained national prominence due to his exceptional public speaking skills and personal courage and will.

Martins house was bombed and he along with other boycott members were convicted on charges of conspiring to interfere with the bus companys rules. After the attempts of the boycott to suppress the movement, Montgomery busses were desegregated, after the United States Supreme Court declared Alabamas segregation laws unconstitutional. He was arrested thirty times for participating in activities of the civil rights activists.

In 157 Martin helped in the founding of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He became the president of the group and also became the groups primary influence. He was responsible for fund raising, so he preached at many Northern churches. Martin and other leaders influenced the usage of non-violent actions. These included demonstrations, boycotts, and marches. Several of the whites violent responses forced action to take place. Eventually the federal government began to confront a few of the racism issues. Martin had made several alliances with white people from the northern regions. This would reinforce his success in influencing the public. Working through Bayard Rustin, Martin managed to acquire connections with many other activists. A lot of the activists were Jewish and provided advice and money. His closest adviser was Stanley Levision. He was a recent member of the American Communist Party. He also developed strong bonds with Protestant Ministers whom shared and discussed moral and theological views. Martin spoke at the Lincoln Memorial during the 157 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom. There he emphasized the goal of black voting rights. In 158, he published his first book that is called Stride Toward Freedom The Montgomery Story. That following year he toured India in order to understand the Gandhian non-violent strategies. Martin returned from his trip and became a co-pastor with his father at Ebenezer Baptist Church from 160 to 168. In the spring of 16, Martin and many of his followers, guided massive demonstrations in Birmingham, Alabama. There the white police officers were known from their anti-black attitudes. Conflicts between the black demonstrators and the police force using police dogs and fire hoses had caused major news reports. President Kennedy had reacted to the Birmingham protests by submitting broad civil rights legislation to Congress. "That eventually came to be the Civil Rights Act of 164. Following demonstrations in many areas resulted in a march on August 8, 16, that had lured more than 50,000 protesters to Washington, D. C.. Addressing the protestors, Martin

delivered his famous I Have a Dream oration. In the following year Martin became Time magazines Man of the Year. In December 164 he received the Nobel Peace Prize, An honorary award. Martin had confronted many obstacles over his leadership. Malcolm X (another famous black leader) sent a message of self-defence. Many black people were angered by this and caused many conflicts.

During 166 and 167, Martin turned his focus of his civil rights activism to economic issues. He argued for redistribution of the countrys money to help out the enormous black poverty. In 167 he designed a "Poor Peoples Campaign" to address economic justice.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Was assassinated on April 4, 168. He was in Memphis, Tennessee to help lead sanitation workers in a protest against intolerable working conditions and better wages. He was shot by a sniper while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis. The name of the sniper was Earl Ray. His sentence was to serve ninety nine years in Tennessee State Penitentiary. The following is a newspaper article that is a follow up on the assassination.

"Pillar of Fire America in the King Years, 16-65.

(book reviews) Jon Meacham

01/1/8 Newsweek, Page 6

January 6, 164, was a long day for Martin Luther King Jr. He spent the morning seated in the

reserved section of the Supreme Court, listening as lawyers argued New York Times Co. v.

Sullivan, a landmark case rising out of Kings crusade against segregation in Alabama. The

minister was something of an honoured guest Justice Arthur Goldberg quietly sent down a copy

of Kings account of the Montgomery bus boycott, Stride Toward Freedom, asking for an

autograph. That night King retired to his room at the Willard Hotel. There FBI bugs reportedly

picked up 14 hours of party chatter, the clinking of glasses and the sounds of illicit sex--including

Kings cries of Im f--ing for God and Im not a Negro tonight!

What is not mentioned in this article is that Martin Luther King was having sex with three White women, one of whom he brutally beat while screaming the above mentioned quotes."5

A year after Martins death, his younger brother was killed in a tragic accident at his home in Atlanta. In June of 174, the mother of Martin was shot and killed while playing the organ at a church ceremony. In 175 Rev. Martin Luther King Sr. resigned from his pastorate career. Even after the deaths of his family members he declared "I cannot hate any man."6

Some of the many statements Martin made have been listed below. Each holding a true, powerful, and meaningful message.

" "Somehow this madness must cease. We must stop now. I speak as a child of God and brother to the suffering poor of Vietnam. I speak for those whose land is being laid waste, whose homes are being destroyed, whose culture is being subverted. I speak for the poor in America who are paying the double price of smashed hopes at home and death and corruption in Vietnam. I speak as a citizen of the world, for the world as it stands aghast at the path we have taken. I speak as an American to the leaders of my own nation. The great initiative in this war is ours. The initiative to stop it must be ours."

Martin Luther King, Jr., The Trumpet of Conscience, 167.

"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. Hate multiplies hate, violence multiplies violence, and toughness multiplies toughness in a descending spiral of destruction....The chain reaction of evil--hate begetting hate, wars producing more wars--must be broken, or we shall be plunged into the dark abyss of annihilation."

Martin Luther King, Jr., Strength To Love, 16.

"Human salvation lies in the hands of the creatively maladjusted."

Martin Luther King, Jr., Strength to Love, 16.

"We must combine the toughness of the serpent and the softness of the dove, a tough mind and a tender heart."

Martin Luther King, Jr., Strength to Love, 16.

"If a man hasnt discovered something that he will die for, he isnt fit to live."

Martin Luther King, Jr., speech, Detroit, Michigan, June , 16.

"Being a Negro in America means trying to smile when you want to cry. It means trying to hold on to physical life amid psychological death. It means the pain of watching your children grow up with clouds of inferiority in their mental skies. It means having your legs cut off, and then being condemned for being a cripple. It means seeing your mother and father spiritually murdered by the slings and arrows of daily exploitation, and then being hated for being an orphan."

Martin Luther King, Jr., Where Do We Go from Here Chaos or Community?, 167. " 7

These statements have influenced many people. The most famous speech of all is

the "I Have A Dream". Here it is as following;

"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today, I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with the little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today."8

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. will always be remembered. He was a great black leader. A role model or someone to look up to. He touched the lives and the hearts of many Americans. His ways of doing things, the effort he put in and the outcomes showed how truly great this man really was, and is never to be forgotten.

Endnotes

1) Encarta. Robert J. Norrell, "King, Martin Luther, Jr.". Microsoft, Inc.

1-17

) www.thekingcenter.com

) www.thekingcenter.com

4) www.stranford.edu

5) www.mlking.org

6) Martin Luther King Sr.

7) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

8) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Bibliography

Encarta. Robert J. Norrell, "King, Martin Luther, Jr.". Microsoft, Inc. 1-17

www.geocities.com

www.mlking.org

www.mlkonline.com

www.stranford.edu

www.thekingcenter.com

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Peace In Iraq

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In order to restore order and create a democracy in Iraq , the United States

is planning to form a new Iraqi Army. United States authority will begin recruiting

Iraqis for the 40,000 member army to take over the responsibility for guarding

borders and key installations. I for one , agree with this idea to form a new Iraqi

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army. I believe that the United States reasons for this plan , my reasons for this

plan , and the outcome for the future , will help explain why I think it is the right

thing to do.

The United States sees this as a great opportunity to stop the violence and the

constant attacks on U.S troops. It is hoped to prevent former Iraqi soldiers from

turning against occupation authority and engaging in armed resistance. Concerning

the new army , Slocombe , a senior Pentagon official stated , "They will perform

military duties of the kind of coalition forces are providing now. They will be a

military force , not a police force or a security force." ( qtd. in chandrasekaran A1).

This means that the new Iraqi army is going to be trained as a United States army

and take on the same responsibilities. However , only former Iraqi officials and

enlisted personnel who are not linked to terrorism , will be the only ones aloud to

be recruited.

I think that building a new Iraqi army is a great idea because I feel that it is

the right thing to do. Ever since the war on terrorism began , I have always been in

favor for what the United States did. I supported every decision President Bush has

made , and believe strongly that he is a good leader. I understand that war is

terrible , but I believe that terrorism must come to an end. Even though the war is

now over , American soldiers are still being attacked and killed. But with a newly

formed Iraqi army trained by United States personnel , the violence among the

Iraqi people and soldiers would probably die down. I am for this decision one

hundred percent , and know that only good things can come out of it as a

result.

I predict that when this new Iraqi army is formed , our U.S troops are pulled

out , and a democracy is being developed in Iraq , the world we be a better place. I

understand that it may take a while , but it is definitely worth the time. There must

be structure and a strong form of government in Iraq to eliminate any chances of a

war again. All of the people of Iraq will hopefully understand the value of life and

learn to live in peace with themselves and other nations. This is what I hope will

come as a result of the new Iraqi army being formed.

This is where I stand on the idea of the United States building an army in

Iraq. It is a great and well thought out plan , and will hopefully have many positive

results that will help decrease all of the violence in the Middle-East. This has been

one piece of international news that I found , understood and am totally in

agreement with.

Please note that this sample paper on Peace In Iraq is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Peace In Iraq, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Peace In Iraq will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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What are the factors that determine the success of strategic Human Resource Management?

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The External Environment, Internal Environment, Corporate Culture and Global Environment, affect Human Resource Management. However, in determining the Key Factors that defines the success of Strategic Human Resource Management will be

• Being Focused in key relations / Productivity orientated.

This is derived from the external environment and the people who actually use the organizations goods and services are crucial to the firms survival. Therefore management ensures that employment practices do not antagonize the customers it serves. In Strategic Human Resource Management, the organizations should be trained to be customer focused and understand the customers needs and expectations. From the orientation program to the daily operational practices, they must be motivated to provide quality goods or services. Here it is directly related to the actual analysis skills, Qualifications and appropriate training to the organizations employees.

•Being Central to Corporate Plan. Write my Essay on What are the factors that determine the success of strategic Human Resource Management?

Businesses are often forced to make many changes to stay competitive. Therefore, it is fundamental for organizations to develop corporate plans, vision, objectives and common goals and the Human Resource Department will need to assist in coordinating and communicating such values to the employees. They interact and liase with all departmental managers and staff to install the corporate identity to achieve the vision of the organization as a united team. Thus it is an important characteristic within a strategic Human Resource Management to build a strong corporate culture with mission based values and behavior referent.

•Making fast and efficient decisions

As an organization faces intense competition in both its product and labour markets, unless an organization is in an unusual position of monopolizing the market it serves (niche product), quick efficient decisions on human resource issues are vital. Employees will have competence towards management and the organizations credibility remain strong within the external environment.

• Instill Integrated initiatives / multi dimensional approach.

The Human Resource Manager constantly works with the people who represent all organizational levels and functional areas. Here, they must recognize the different perspectives these individuals bring to Human resource. By understanding the many interrelationships, the human resource manager resolves problems and issues. Therefore, it is important for the Human Resource Department to initiate, encourage and lead the increasing role of line management, to facilitate, delivering and deliberating good communication methods and skills.

•Promote business/entrepreneur-ship thinking within the human resources

In business today, management must be prepared to explain the merits of a particular programme in terms of its costs and benefits. Within the organization must be trained in this aspect to monitor and maintain the right balance, understanding the profitable gains to the expenditure and overhead the organization bears.

•Possess good integrated selection and recruitment methods and skills

An organizations major task is to ensure that it obtains and retains a sufficient number of employees in various career field to allow the organization to compete effectively. A bidding war often results when competitors attempt to fill certain critical positions in their companies. Because of the strategic nature of their needs, firms are sometimes forced to resort to unusual means to recruit and retain such employees. Here, the Human Resource Manager will need to be aware of the various means/ methods that could be applied to recruit the right staff with the right skills. This will also depend on the external environment where the pool of labor force is available. The labor force is always changing which creates dynamic situations such as in managing a diverse workforce. It is a challenge in the coming decades to recognize and manage people with different characteristics who think, act and communicate differently. Based on what has been mentioned earlier on recruitment and selection as being one of the main function within the application of strategic Human Resource Management. It is thus critical for the personnel involved in this area to be focused, understand and sells the corporate values in achieving the targeted goals, have long- sited vision and plans well on the process of proper recruitment.

•Work on performance related pay and rewards systems.

Organization that can develop direct links between performance and rewards tend to create cultures conducive to achievement. This function within the Human Resource management need to constructively conduct job analysis for each position within the organization for wage determination, financial/ non-financial/ incentive compensation or fringe benefits. The Application of non analytical/quantitative , weighted point system methods or classification helps to determine the wage and pay structure. Performance related salary through a comprehensive appraisal system that include core values, core skills, core supervision skills as well as targets setting, could enhance productivity . There are different forms of compensation hat can be considered in performance or reward system as in

1.Financial-a) direct in the wages /salaries / commission /bonuses

b) indirect- legal requirement e.g. EPF / SOSCO /HRDF

-Health/ Welfare /Retirement Voluntary / Fringe Benefits

.Non financial- flex time, job sharing , comfortable working conditions/ sound

Company policies

.Compensation equity - Other Benefits including security, leave allowances , relocation, childcare food services , house car loan, etc are important concerns to the employees and therefore strategic human resource management should establish strong credible companies policies in these areas.

•Minimal job categorizing and grading and encourage job design based teamwork

In managing Human Resources today, it is good to define job descriptions but there should be minimal job categorizing and grading.

This will provide for good c- ordination and teamwork within the company. The risk of too many categorized jobs is that employees draw their line on their job and eventually turn to be calculate and wait on each other to complete the work, implying on this is not my job etc.

•Strong Cultural management especially in the area of conflict and possesses wide experience with fore vision in managing cultural / structural / personal strategies in the intervention processes.

Conflict management is today a strong management feature and it the need derives from within the Corporate Culture. Due to the diverse Human Resource and the complexity of the labour force, the human resource department will need to develop skills in conflict management. Counseling mentorship, good listenng skills and being the mediator are important traits in the Human resource personnel. Employee personality types vary and even in the healthiest corporate culture, stressful relationships among employees can occur. Combined with differing values and belief systems, communication can be so impaired that conflict situation arises. This factor could affect the external and internal environment as well as job performance. Hence, it is vital for the human resource personal of the organization to be sensitive and aware of such conflicts and address them as soon as possible to avoid drop in productivity and good interaction between the different departments.

•Build up on the wide ranging training and development activities as well being knowledgeable on an Occupational / Industrial Safety, Occupational / Industrial Safety, Occupational Health.

The acknowledgement and emphasis on training and development activities is an important function within the human resource role in the new millennium. Recognizing the need for change, analyzing and determining T & D needs, establishing specific objectives, selecting the T & D methods / media and implementing to evaluating the training programmers is a strong characteristic within the Human Resource Management. Adequate and proper planning on this area will strengthen the Human resource strategically providing for a learning organization with integrated high performance systems. Building this wide ranging training and development and it could help to generate and motivate employees to feel important with self-development. Here, the need to be aware of the organization corporate culture in adapting to changes and accepting diverse training and developments is also important. Acknowledging this issue from the initial planning on T & D programmers will help in meeting the objectives set out .

With rapid increase of industrial / occupational injuries , there will be implication on substantial financial cost, loss in Industrial Safety Regulations / Occupational Health and Safety ACT , SOSCO Act that every human resource department must be familiar with so as to manage their internal employees well physically and mentally. Helping employees to be free from physical and emotional illness caused by the work environment is important .

•Need to be well versed with the latest developments in the Employment Acts / Trade union Acts, etc in line with legislation requirement of the Ministry of Human Resource within the country.

Being knowledgeable in Employment Acts / Trade Union Acts are generally critical for strategic Human Resource Management. Union are treated as environmental factors because , essentially , they became a third party when they bargain with the company. The trend of union is expected to continue but more emphasis is being shifted to a human resource system that deals direct with the individual worker and his or her needs . Managing a non-unionised organization provide management organization provide management with more flexibility to enforce certain benefits whilst within the unionised companies, there are national interests that withhold many possible compensation or benefits. Thus strategically, human resource personnel should help to resolve employees issue internally and to preferably avoid the unionization process. However , there are some companies that have international established unions and if such the human resource management should consider strong negotiation skills needed during collective agreements process. Besides the external / internal environment and corporate culture to be considered and managed in strategic human resource , the global environment need focused . Global Corporation has corporate units in may countries that are integrated to operate as one organization worldwide . To a great extent , domestic companies deal with a relatively known set political , economic, legal and labor -management relations variables. A global organization must cope with a multitude of unknowns. It is enormously complicated by the need to adapt HR policies to different host countries. One such example is the recent HSBC employees dispute , which led to picketing and strikes. Differences in politics, law, culture, economics, labor- management relations system and other factors complicate the task of global human resource.

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