Analization of Susan Bordo's Ideology of Hunger

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Susan Bordo works at the University of Kentucky as the Otis A. Singletary Chair of Humanities.

In Hunger as Ideology, Bordo argues that "the various cultural ideologies, both explicit and implicit, conscious and unconscious at work in an advertisement often play a powerful role in the way we think about the world and our place in it. One of the issues that Bordo delves into is the falsehood that women do not eat much. Granted, some women have petite appetites. However, the majority of women only portray this image because society views women that eats little to be attractive and feminine. Bordo gives an example of this type of ideology in her section entitled, "The Woman Who Does Not Each Much." She opens with a commercial for Fiber Thin where two French girls who are dressing up in their mothers beautiful clothes admire one girls mother for being so thin and not eating much. They also relish in the fact that they know about her secret product - dietary supplements. Bordo uses this example of the two young French girls to show that this food obsession begins at a young age. Not only does this commercial condone the use of dietary supplements in young girls but it also praises women that eat little and creates a falsehood in the mind of society about the eating habits of women. It is a common site to see young teenagers, in their prime, starving themselves in order to fit the mold. Bordo realizes this fact and writes "almost all of us who can afford to be eating well are dieting and hungry almost all of the time."

Advertisements stereotype reality of the world to create an image of what we as Americans aspire to be. Advertisers know that self-esteem has a lot do with persuading consumers to buy their products. If a woman believes she is ugly and fat, she will be eager to listen to an ad that promises results of beauty and skinniness. She will also be a lot more likely to buy the product. If a man sees a skinny guy on TV talk about a product that helped him gain muscles, the man watching will start to re-evaluate his own body and consider buying the product. We all judge people based on their outward appearance whether subconsciously or not. Americans tend to look at someone and assume we know everything about them because of what they are wearing and what kind of car they drive, or what kind of house they live in.

Bordo writes extensively on the ideas of the female body in relation to eating and beauty and attaining the perfect "look." In the beginning of her essay she says that, "today, all we experience as meaningful are appearances." Bordo believes that women will always want to look younger and slimmer. She believes that as long as companies continue to use advertisements with young, thin girls telling women they can "look like them," the companies will always make a lot of money. She also talks about the subliminal coding used in advertising. She uses an example of an advertisement for an eyeliner. The ad reads, "Soft felt tip gives you absolute control of your line." She believes that it is almost impossible for a consumer to glance at the ad and read the words "life" instead of "line." The advertisers were able to make an eyeliner ad into something that makes the viewer think about being in control of their life. Bordo reinforces the notion of control in "Men Eat and Women Prepare." This sense of control appears when the woman who has prepared the food watches as her husband devours it. "She who stands … famished before her husband, while he devours, stretched at ease, the produce of her exertions; waits his tardy permission without a word or a look of impatience, and feeds, with the humblest gratitude, and the shortest intermission of labor, on the scraps and offals which he disdains." This woman shows her ability to control her desires. Help with essay on Analization of Susan Bordo's Ideology of Hunger

In the section, "Food and Love" Bordo explains how women demonstrate their love for others by baking or preparing for dinner for others. The slogan "Nothin says lovin like something from the oven," is one example. Bordo mentions the fact that little girls are often shown learning how to prepare food for others and rarely seen being fed. In the ad for Gold Medal Flour, the young girl with flour on her overalls and shirt sleeves pushed up, taste tests the batter she and her mother, who is seen reading the recipe book, have prepared. Bordo says that the ad places mother at home and daughter preparing for her future role in the kitchen, both in their stereotypical roles.

As an example of Bordos said rules about old dualities and ideologies such as women should serve men, become homemakers, and basically do everything to keep their men happy while they are out in the blue collar work force earning a living for the entire family is demonstrated in the advertisement for Betty Crocker Black Walnut Cake (Fig. 1). It is implied that if a woman loved her family she would take time to bake and cook. The woman was expected to thrive on making her man happy. This advertisement wanted to give women the impression that women were pleased when men were pleased. Cooking and serving were supposed to be especially pleasant for the woman. Nothing could satisfy a man more than food with the exception of sex. If a woman wanted to please a man, the most definite way to do so was through his stomach.

In the advertisement for Van Camp Pork & Beans (Fig. ), the ad featured pork and beans in an elegant dish accompanied with hot dogs and a homemade loaf of bread. In addition, there are an abundance of food, which possibly suggests the woman was hosting some sort of dinner party. Therefore, even though pork and beans in a can is considered a convenience food, the implication of the woman being a hostess for a party also sends the message that the woman was taking the time to prepare a ton of other dishes in order to entertain and satisfy people other than herself.

Bordo illustrates the differences between males and females in food ads. The man in a food ad eating voraciously is seen as manly and even at times adorable. A woman in a food ad seen eating in this same fashion is seen as out of control and unfeminine. An interesting way women are persuaded into buying a product is by switching the person in the ad from a woman to a man. A man advertising a food product gives the idea that if it could satisfy even their "huge appetite," then it would definitely satisfy a woman. Bordo argues that women are represented differently in advertisements due to their relationship with food. For example, the Haagen-Dazs ad. This two page ad has a picture of both a man and a woman eating the same brand of ice cream. In the first picture the woman is eating ice cream in a delicate manner. She is eating a tiny ice cream bar and has only taken one small bite. This picture shows the woman using control while eating. The next picture is of a man who has just eaten an entire pint of ice cream. He ate it in such a manner that he left the container on its side and is licking every morsel of ice cream from the spoon.

In furtherance of Bordos argument that men and women are treated differently in food advertisements, Fig. is an advertisement for Natur-Tender steaks. The picture depicts a man hard at work on the outdoor grill. Since barbecues occur outside in nature, they are considered to be masculine. Barbecues represent a time when men can whip up a great meal in a rough and tough environment. The outdoors was a place where it was socially acceptable for a man to be. But still this advertisement is targeting the woman because she had the purchasing power and was in charge of buying the necessary groceries for the event.

Advertisers are paid to get into our heads and first see what we secretly aspire to be, and then gives us the opportunity to follow our dreams through a product they wish to sell. Bordo writes "any fool knows that advertisers manipulate reality in the service of selling their products…However, were it a meaningful or usable knowledge, it is unlikely that we would be witnessing the current spread of diet and exercise mania across racial and ethnic groups, or the explosion of technologies aimed at bodily 'correction ' and 'enhancement. We allow advertisers to manipulate us because it is a way of life.

The way that females view advertisements appear very obvious to advertisers. Advertisement agencies now how to interest women, and how to make them think. Being in control is something that is very important to women these days. In the society that we live, the only way to be normal on the outside is to be slim. Beauty is another consideration, but being slim is a huge concern among women. By gaining control of your mind it becomes easier to gain this sense of control.

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Technology. More Friend then Foe

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Technology, the what, the where and the now! It is every place you go and involves just about everything we do. From the moment we wake up to the moment we close our eyes for the night, we are constantly bombarded by technological advancements. technology has been, in a sense, a faithful servant, ready to come to our rescue in times of need and in enriching our lives in untold ways. Technology is a term derived from the Greek term "techne," which means to bring into existence that which does not exist but has the capacity for existence. And, clearly, humans have brought into existence a remarkable array of technological products which have been, by and large, positive. Depending on your position in society and location on Earth, a most amazing feat accomplished by humans through their technology is space travel. Not only have we placed a human on the face of the moon, but we have also sent machines far into space in science explorations which may, some day, provide us with further, as yet, unknown benefits. For most of us, however, the technologies which have benefited us have to do with our personal well-being. Without strides in the sciences and medical technology, human life expectancy would still be at "cavemen" proportions; e.g. living to about age forty. Part of our relative longevity, beyond our medical advances, must be attributed to our success with nutrition and agriculture. To top it off, we have, generally, nice warm, comfortable places in which to live, free from harm from wild beasts and the whims of nature. Apart from benefits to our more basic needs - i.e. food, health, warmth and shelter - we have the luxury of many inventions our ancestors can only dream about. Refrigerators, freezers, ovens and microwaves. Those are just 4 technological advances that help everyone in their day to day life. Without these things we are unable to keep our food fresh and keep ourselves free from bacteria entering our body from food that has gone off due to lack of refrigeration. With an oven we are able to cook our foods thoroughly and get hot food when we want it. Before some technology people had to cook there food over a fire and think about how long it would take just to get the chicken cooked when today we can cook it in the oven and know that it is getting thoroughly cooked and again keeping ourselves from getting sick from bacteria. With these technology everyone benefits and that is why it is more friend then anything else and especially more friend then foe!

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Theraputic uses of ecstasy

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Ecstasy An intense exaltation of mind and feelings; seventh heaven; bliss; euphoria; paradise; intoxication. The drug first synthesized by Merck Pharmaceuticals in Germany in 11. In 17, the first study in the literature mentioning Ecstasy was published, based upon toxicological research conducted in the early 150s by the Armys chemical center; around the same time a small group of therapists and researchers began to use Ecstasy; which was known as Adam, in their practices. I personally think that Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or better known as the "Raver Drug" Ecstasy, should be legalized for the use by doctors and/or Therapists as they see fit in their studies to help and bring their patients to a new level of self understanding and a new respect for life.

The drug now known as Ecstasy is the latest recreational drug to be made illegal in 185. The drug was put on trial that had many time guzzling processes. The scheduling process was based on the Controlled Substances Act of 170 which was based on three schedules. The MDMA (Ecstasy) attorney was first argued to put the drug on a Schedule ; where physicians could legally prescribe MDMA and all recreational use would be illegal; but medical treatment and scientific research could still be conducted. On the other hand Schedule 1 in the Controlled Substances Act stated that the substance must have a high potential for abuse, have no accepted medical use, and no "accepted safety" for use under medical supervision. The MDMA attorney also cited the lack of alleged harm to any patient as evidence of the safety of MDMA under medical supervision. The DEA (The United States Drug Enforcement Agency) chief attorney claimed that a drug did not have to have caused any actual harm before being placed into Schedule 1, simply that the drug had to have a high potential for abuse. He then argued that only the FDA (The United States Food and Drug Administration) could accept a drug for medical use, and without FDA approval, no drug could have accepted safety under medical supervision. After two years of hearings, Judge Young issued his ruling, recommending that MDMA be place in a Schedule . Despite the ruling, the DEA administrator placed MDMA into Schedule 1 making the drug illegal.(Rosenbaum Chapter 6) Ecstasy now an illegal substance and having a high risk of abuse can also become a damper on public events such as raves and other parts of club culture. The rampant use of the drug at these scenes has caused such bills to be pressed such as The RAVE Act (Reducing Americans Vulnerability to Ecstasy) which has recently been putting a stop to teen dance parties and clubs. Official acts against clubbers and ravers alike have been felt already; starting in Texas where teens have been arrested for handing out mints at the local rave/club party scenes where most teens show up for the music. Although there is a drug scene, the major force driving some officials is the large use of Ecstasy.

Although MDMA was put into schedule 1 it should have never gotten there. The decision to place MDMA in schedule 1 was immediately appealed to the U.S. court of appeals. In September of 187, after being reviewed, the decision of the DEA to place MDMA into schedule 1 was found to be flawed. The court agreed with the DEA saying that the drug did have a high potential for abuse; however, the court disagreed with the DEAs assumption that congress intended that FDA approval determined accepted medical use. As an outcome, the court voided the DEAs placement of MDMA into schedule 1 and remanded the decision back to the DEA for reconsideration. After several months the DEA placed MDMA into schedule 1 once again. The DEA devised a way to get around the FDA approval, which had been overturned in the court. A series of criteria were used that were virtually identical to current FDA approval. Since only a pharmaceutical company could afford the required studies, for which FDA permission would be impossible to secure, the DEAs new criteria was of uncertain legality. Rather than simply requiring FDA approval, the DEA broke down FDA approval into a series of criteria that looked identical to FDA approval, and then required virtually all the criteria. The real question was what was accepted medical use. The DEA argued that currently accepted medical use implies FDA approval has been clearly rejected by the courts since essentially the same issues were at stake in the current legal debate over the medical use of marijuana, the defenders of MDMAs medical use, who were drained of both patience and money, decided to lodge no further appeal. They accepted the fact that MDMA would remain in Schedule I until the legal definition of currently accepted medical use was resolved in the sense of the medical marijuana lawsuit, or until research had satisfied the FDA that MDMA was both safe and useful for human use. (Rosenbaum Chapter 6)

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Is MDMA both safe and useful for human use? MDMA may have some serious long term effects on your health. Serotonin in the brain of MDMA users is 50%-80% less then healthy non-users which may lead to chronic depression and anxiety. MDMA may also impair ones memory and concentration which would eventually get gradually worse. MDMA also like most illegal drugs may dull ones intelligence. Drug users are also at risk of dehydration and even more at risk of dehydration in raves or hot parties where users may not realize there is a risk of dehydration. A 15mg pill can raise your heart beat up to 0 beats per minute over your normal rate. Also violent seizures may unlikely occur during the use of Ecstasy. MDMA may further alter the brain but for the unavailability to run tests it is a rather open category.

On another hand MDMAs psychedelic effects may help with physical troubles. The drug can reduce addictions such as Alcoholism, medical drug addiction, heroin and some other very addictive substances. MDMA itself is not addictive therefore users do not have to fear with replacing there current addiction with another. The drug is also a proven pain killer, it is a good elixir for relieving pain and distress from terminal cancer patients and other illnesses. MDMA was also once used to treat eating disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, and help in repairing damaged relationships by allowing therapists to better understand there patients.

The best reason to make MDMA legal for therapeutic use would be because of the drugs effects on ones emotions and how it effects one mentally. Users report to have become more caring, more in touch with their spiritual nature, closer to nature and having increased happiness and self-esteem. Although personal effects vary from person to person and often are hard to explain many of the empathic and subtle effects users experience. Feelings of completeness, emotional bonding and a sense of acceptance and love for others arguably persist for years after ones first experience. MDMAs potential for allowing inner psychological and possibly spiritual discovery often remain for the rest of the individuals life. Some clinics claim that MDMA is a potentially valuable psychotherapeutic agent because of the feelings of closeness and trust. Memories from individuals sessions also remain intact so one may learn from what they experience and what they feel. MDMA weakens psychodynamic differences and brings repressed material into waking consciousness. MDMA melts away the layers of defensiveness and anxiety that impedes treatment. Lester Grinspoon, a professor emeritus of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School said, "The synthetic drug can greatly accelerate the therapeutic process."He also stated, "In one session, people can get past hang-ups that take six months of therapy to untangle." Sue Stevens was severely depressed after her husband died of kidney cancer. She took many antidepressants, and therapy didnt help. Then finally she found a psychologist who was willing to use the illegal drug ecstasy to treat depression and server trauma. In a single session, under the influence of Ecstasy, she said she was finally able to come to grips with her grief. Miss Stevens said, "Somehow I knew my husband was no longer hurting, which made it possible for me to let go." She hasnt taken any antidepressants since. Anecdotal reports from other mental health professionals suggest similar results from Ecstasy.

As one can see that MDMA can truly give one a new level of self understanding helping one to deal with some emotional turmoils that might not be present. I personally think that MDMA/Ecstasy, should be legalized for the use by doctors and/or Therapists as they see fit in their studies to help and bring their patients to a new level of self understanding and a new respect for life. Although the drug may have some negative effects, clearly one can see that the good out weighs the bad.

Please note that this sample paper on theraputic uses of ecstasy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on theraputic uses of ecstasy, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on theraputic uses of ecstasy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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