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Monday, February 24, 2020

Frankenstein of Education

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Frankenstein And Critique Of Education Mary Shellys Frankenstein focuses on human nature and on the possibility of controlling experience in order to shape character and cultural values.


Specifically, it focuses on the influence of education and experience in effecting behavior. In general, the characters are divided in to three groups by education and experience passive rescued women, ambitious bourgeoisie men, and the self-taught lonesome creature. Through the female character group, Mary


Shelly illustrates how the combination of education and experience shape attitudes and behaviors of women to be passive objects, which leads to their demise. Mary Shelly spends the least time describing the education of women, repeating one version of female upbringing. The lack of time devoted to female characters in general is not a blatant disregard of women; rather, it is testimony to the limited role women exercised in public sphere of society.


Caroline Beaufort is the model of virtuous femininity rescued from poverty to bourgeois passivity. Caroline, the daughter of a proud, failed businessman, follows her father into self-imposed exile to avoid the humiliation of failure where he falls into a terrible sickness of humiliation. Completely dedicated to her father, Caroline attended him with the greatest tenderness; but she saw with despair that their little fund was rapidly decreasing (Shelly ) Buy cheap Frankenstein of Education term paper


Luckily Caroline possessed a mind of uncommon mould; and her courage rose to support her in her adversity... and by various means contrived to earn a pittance scarcely sufficient to support life (Shelly ). She not only cares for him during his pathetic free fall from life, but she also actively procured work and single-handedly supported herself and her father. It is obvious that has Caroline possesses the skills and tenacity to support not only herself, but her father as well. However, when her fathers falls victim to death she immediately transforms from a caring, productive women to an orphan and beggar (Shelly ). There is nothing to note any changes in the attitude or actions of Caroline to warrant such a change. Rather, the change is a direct result of the death of her father. Despite the fact that Caroline possessed the ability to provide for herself, her description and social status remained tied to her father. Even though women had the ability to act as free agents in society, their description, status was invariably tied to a male. Luckily, for


Caroline, an associate of her fathers rescued her from her sudden socially imposed poverty. While mourning her fathers death, Alphonse Frankensteincame like a protecting spirit to the poor girl, who committed herself to his care (Shelly ). Caroline translates her gratitude of being saved from a tough mans world into lifelong subservience. She immediately transfers her selfless dedication from one man, her father, to another, her new husband


Alpohnse Frankenstein demonstrating the females artificial dependence on men.


Saved to the feminine life of passive servitude, Caroline similarly rescues other girls from poverty and educates them in the virtues of bourgeois domesticity. Thus, she finds Elizabeth, whose seemingly innate, upper class feminine virtue makes her shine amid a family of dark-eyed, hardy little vagrants (Shelly 4). Upon being rescued, Caroline presented Elizabeth to [Victor] as her promised gift (Shelly 4). Immediately following her introduction to bourgeois life, Elizabeth is transformed to possession of a male. Once in the Frankenstein household, Elizabeth learned to be the living spirit of love to soften and attract (Shelly 8). Once under proper middle class guidance, Elizabeth becomes the ideal female by providing comfort and support while becoming dependent on male energy and male provision. Thus, like her foster mother, she is the perfect domestic woman daughter, sister, friend, and wife-to-be. Justine Moritz, a poor girl is also saved from her tyrant, exploitive mother by Caroline. Once introduced to the bourgeois Frankenstein family Justine trained to be a servant. Just like Caroline and Elizabeth before her, Justine quickly learns the female role of serving others. Undoubtedly thankful for Caroline saving her from her tyrannical mother, Justine idealized her and considered her to be the model of all excellence, and endeavored to imitate her phraseology and manners (Shelly 65). Evidently, Justine attempted to emulate Carolines middle class virtues making her equally passive and obedient. Justine, along with Caroline and Elizabeth, are manifestations of how women fulfill and are fulfilled by their servitude dominated domestic lives.


Women once guided into what Mary Shellys mother Mary Wollstonecraft describes as [g]entleness, docility, and a spaniel-like affection, are less agents then they are objects acted upon (6) . This theme is evident by the early deaths of Caroline, Justine, and Elizabeth, which Mary Shelly implies are a logical outgrowth of the bourgeoisie ideal. This is especially evident in the death of


Caroline. Elizabeth was severely ill due to a case of scarlet fever. Although she initially refrained from helping, Caroline attended Elizabeth who was saved, but the consequences of this imprudence were fatal to her preserver (Shelly 4). Knowing full well the potential consequences of her actions,


Caroline choose to ignore the advice of others and choose to attend Elizabeth at her sick bed. Caroline died because of her selfless dedication to others.


Essentially, Mary Shelly is implying that women who selflessly dedicate their lives to others are in danger of killing themselves. The death of Justine Moritz is an example not of women selflessly dedicating their lives to others, but rather, of passive women being acted upon. Justine was wrongfully accused of killing William Frankenstein due to circumstantial evidence. A family servant, while washing clothes, found a locket that Elizabeth had given to William shortly before his death. Once on trial, Justine is unable to effectively argue her innocence due to a series of odd circumstances and questionable explanations for those circumstances. Upon this, Justine declares that she commit[s] [her] cause to the justices of [her] judges, yet [she] see[s] no room for hope (Shelly 54). Fully educated in the female bourgeois ideal of a passive female, she neither is unable to nor even effectively attempts to prove her innocence.


Rather, she calls on people to testify on her behalf, including Elizabeth.


Elizabeth, like Justine, does not even attempt to effectively uncover the truth regarding Williams death. Instead, she focuses on how well Justine fulfilled the role of a bourgeois woman and had no reason to murder anybody. Elizabeth, like Justine, lacks the ability to effectively argue against Justine being the murderer. Instead, relying on their perceived goodness effectively making them passive to the entire ordeal. Both Justine and Elizabeth have learned well the lessons of submissiveness and devotion that Caroline Beaufort epitomized for them. Similarly, their model behavoir lowers their resistance to the forces that kill them. The death of Elizabeth is the final example of the implication of passivity leading to the death of a female. In this case, Elizabeth is attacked and killed by the creature due entirely to the actions of Victor. This is another, though extreme, example of women being completely acted upon. Elizabeth did nothing at all to warrant this death except follow bourgeois virtues. Those virtues told her to be dedicated to a man whose actions cause her death. Thus, she was entirely acted upon and had absolutely no agency or freedom from a man ever in her life. Mary Shelly uses the female characters of Frankenstein to demonstrate the ridiculous manner in which women were educated in the bourgeois ideal. These ideals taught women to be passive and in turn were acted up instead of being active agents. Thus, Frankenstein is a call for a method of educating women, one that does not limit and weaken women.


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Friday, February 21, 2020

Paso doble

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You may not be able to see or even hear my next guests because theyre all women over the age of 60 and, according to them, that makes them invisible, which is a pity because theyve got things they really want you to hear. Nevertheless, please make them welcome. Ladies and gentlemen, the Older Womens Network Theatre Group.


(Woman plays lively piano melody) Do my essay on paso doble CHEAP !


(Women sing)


Older Women, thats our name


Fighting for rights is our game


We stand up here with our claim


Being older is no shame


Were not seeking for great fame


But were proud to say our name


Just want to be there in the frame


Cause Older Women, thats our name


Grey hair and wrinkles are OK


Just the thing for cabaret


Being curvaceous, thats our way


You cant say that were pass


Social justice is our aim


Were standing firm to exclaim


Wont stop and wont be tame


Cause Older Women, thats our name.


(All chant)


Older Women, Older Women, oi oi oi.


Wont stop and wont be tame


Cause Older Women, thats our name.


APPLAUSE


Andrew Denton Lets meet now two of the Older Womens Network. With me, Louise Anike and Josie Jackson. Come on over. Make them welcome, please.


Josie Jackson Hooray!


APPLAUSE


Andrew Denton Lets meet now two of the Older Womens Network. With me, Louise Anike and Josie Jackson. Come on over. Make them welcome, please.


Josie Jackson Hooray!


APPLAUSE


Andrew Denton No, dont be sorry. Were all coming to it. I…I can assure you. So, what are the sort of things… We heard that introductory song. What sort of things do you sing about?


Louise Anike Oh, dearie me. Everything.


Josie Jackson Public transport.


Louise Anike Transport, Telstra selling off of Telstra.


Josie Jackson Banks.


Louise Anike Banks.


Andrew Denton No, dont be sorry. Were all coming to it. I…I can assure you. So, what are the sort of things… We heard that introductory song. What sort of things do you sing about?


Louise Anike Oh, dearie me. Everything.


Josie Jackson Public transport.


Louise Anike Transport, Telstra selling off of Telstra.


Josie Jackson Banks.


Louise Anike Banks.


you. Why is that?


Louise Anike (Sighs)


Josie Jackson You…when you get on a bus, you usually… the steps are too high for a lot of older people. They get arthritis and, you know, all the other crap that goes with getting old. You get on the bus and then you… before you can get your bum on a seat, the driver starts off, because his job is spoiled by the passengers he picks up. If he didnt have passengers, hed be OK.


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Thursday, February 20, 2020

Hiv

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PRACTICAL 5


AMYLASE ACTIVITY IN GERMINATING BARLEY


INTRODUCTION


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Thousand of chemical reactions occur each instant throughout the body; this coordinated process of chemical change is named metabolism.


Metabolism includes the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules required for cell structure and function and the release of chemical energy used for cell functions.(Vander, Sherman & Luciano, 001)


The bodys organic molecule undergo continuous transformation as some molecules are broken down while others of the same type are being synthesized.


Germination is the resumption of growth of the embryo plant inside the seed.


Seeds remain dormant or inactive until conditions are right for germination. All seeds need water, oxygen, and proper temperature in order to germinate, some seeds require proper light also. Some germinate better in full light while others require darkness to germinate.


When a seed is exposed to the proper conditions, water and oxygen are taken in through the seed coat. The embryos cells start to enlarge. Then the seed coat breaks open ( and also triggers metabolic changes in the embryo) and a radicle, the embryonic root emerges first, followed by the shoot or plumule that contains the leaves and stem.


In a germinating barley seed, food reserves stored in the endosperm, (as glucose polymer starch) and during seed germination, the starch is hydrolysed and mobilized by enzyme amylase into maltose.


This enzyme hydrolyses the a (1-4) glycosidic bonds between pairs of glucose units to release the disaccharide maltose. Maltose is then hydrolysed to single glucose molecules by a second enzyme called glycosidase. Glucose can enter the glycolytic pathway where it is utilized for producing ATP and carbon molecules for biosynthesis.( Campbell & Reece, 00), when the starch reserves are exhausted, the seedling has usually reached a stage where energy and carbon requirements can be met by photosynthesis.


Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food, is the process by which sugars and more complex compounds are made from carbon dioxide and water in cells containing chloroplasts. The chemical energy is produced from solar energy in the presence of the pigment chlorophyll.


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The aim of this exercise is to determine the comparative amylase activity in the dormant barley seeds, germinating barley seeds and barley seedlings by measuring their rates of starch hydrolysis, and to interpret this results in terms of the metabolic role of amylase during plant development.


MATERIALS AND METHODS


For the preparation of amylase extract from germinating barley, 10 grains were crushed with mortar and pestle to a fine paste, and 10ml of buffer was added, to extract the amylase into solution. The extract was filtered into a 100ml beaker, and the volume was recorded.


A five-fold dilution of the filtered extract was made by adding 5 ml to the measuring cylinder and buffer was added to make the total volume 5ml.


The control extract was prepared by adding 5ml of the diluted filtered extract to a test tube and place it in the boiling water bath for 10minutes, after that period of time it was removed from the boiling water bath and leave it to cool at room temperature.


And for the 10 dormant barley seeds and 10 whole barley seedlings the same method was used, including the use of boiled controls.


Determination of amylase activity in germinating barley by measuring the rate of starch hydrolysis.


The rate of starch hydrolysis can be determined by making up a reaction mixture containing starch in a buffer of appropriate pH. Amylase extract is added, and the samples are tested with starch indicator (iodine) it gives a blue- black colour when bound to starch, and the samples are tested at constant time intervals of 1 minute


RESULTS


Table 1 represents a description of the amylase activity of developmental stages of barley, and time taken to reach achromic point.


NUMBER OF GRAINSTYPES OF BARLEY SEEDSFILTRATE VOLUMETIME


AMYLASE ACTIVITY LEVEL


10GERMINATING BARLEY8.5ML MINUTES Quite High


10DORMANT BARLEY8MLNO COLOUR CHANGE No reaction


10WHOLE BARLEY SD.ML1 MIN.Quite high


Among these developmental stages of barley, the amylase activity was highest in the germinating barley, followed by whole barley seedling, with dormant barley seeds showing not activity at all ( Table 1).


Calculation of amylase activity in the germinating barley


Concentration of the starch= 0.5% = 500mg/100ml = 5mg/ml


i) So, for 1ml of solution = 5mg/ml x 1ml = 5mg of starch


time taken to reach the achromic point for the germinating barley = minutes


ii)average amount of starch hydrolysed/min to reach the achromic point =5mg = 0.55mg/min


min


iii) give ten grains were used to make the extract, number of grains per ml


= number of grains =10grains = 1. grain/ml


number of ml extract8.5ml


= 1. grain/ml = 0. grains/ml x 1ml = 0. grains


5ml


So, mg starch hydrolysed/min/barley grain


= number of mg/ minute hydrolysed= 0.55mg/min = .75 mg/min/grains


number of grains 0.grains


Amylase activity = .75 mg/minute/grain for germinating barley.


For the amylase activity for the dormant and whole seedling refer to the table


Table represents amylase activity for different types of seeds


TYPES OF BARLEY SEEDSAmylase activity ( mg/min/grain)


Germinating seed.75


Dormant seed0


Whole seedling


In this table we are just reinforcing what was stated in table 1- but here we can key in number by saying -


Amylase activity was highest in the germinating experimental treatment, which had an activity of .75 mg/min/grain followed by the whole seedling experimental which had an activity of mg/min/grain and followed by the dormant seeds which did not show any amylase activity at all.


Table represents reaction of different mixtures with Benedicts reagent to determine maltose


Reaction mixtureresults


4 a) reaction mixture from (d)Red-yellow, greenish colour


4 b) controlBright blue color


Table indicates that cuprous oxide precipitate was present in the reaction tube containing amylase extract (from part d), as indicated by its resulting red-yellow, greenish colour.


Discussion


In terms of the metabolic rate of amylase during barley plant development, in the germinating barley seed , a lot of energy (ATP) is needed for cellular respiration, and for the seedling to germinate, so a lot of amylase is required in order to breakdown starch.


The amylase is able to breakdown starch into maltose, but unable to breakdown the cellulose in the cell wall into smaller molecules, despite both being polymers of glucose because as amylase is an enzyme it is very specific as to type of bonds it breaks down


In the dormant seed very little/ no amylase is produced, for the reason that as the seed is not growing or developing, very little energy is needed in order to respire, therefore minimal amylase is produced, to preserve resources and energy for germination, consequently very little starch is broken down, there is why the iodine remains blue black colour and no change of colour was observed.


Furthermore, the control treatments for each stage did not show any amylase activity. This was because the enzyme was denatured after boiling and was not able to break down starch. This shows that amylase was in fact the active agent responsible for hydrolyzing starch, as if it were not starch would have still been broken down after its boiling.


Identifying maltose as the product of starch hydrolysis by amylase


Maltose was produced as the Benedicts reagent reacted with maltose with the mixture to form a cuprous oxide precipitate( as was expected in the experiment it confirms that the amylase enzyme does catalyse the reaction of starch) from maltose in germinating barley seed. In the 4b) the control tube it only confirms that the amylase is responsible for the production of maltose.


During this practical a number of errors may have been made, which could have to some extent altered the results obtained. These mey include measurement errors, improper grinding of the grains, improper cleaning of the equipment between testing the different stages of seed development leading to contamination and even calculation error.


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