Bionotes105

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iv.Industry is largest user of energy in U.S, followed by residential/ commercial and transportation

v.Order of fossil fuel consumption in WI

1.Coal = 1%

.Oil = %

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.Natural gas = 1 %

4.Nuclear = 7%

II.Main Energy sources

a.Coal

i.Fossilized plant material, most was formed 86-60 million years ago during Carboniferous period

ii.Proven coal reserves worldwide will last about 00 years at current rate of use

iii.Coal mining on the environment is generally more harmful to the environment then other types of fossil fuel extraction

1.Acid mine drainage during the mining process, sulfur in coal reacts with oxygen and water to produce sulfuric acid; has damaged many miles of streams in U.S.

.Black lung disease occurs in coal miners

a.14,000 deaths in U.S. (17-16)

.Burning coal contributes to air pollution

a.(SO, NO, NO , particulates, mercury, lead and greenhouse gas production (CO)

4.Ways to reduce SO emissions from coals

5.Burning low sulfur coal (e.g. WI uses low sulfur coal from Wyoming) and "scrubbing" SO before it is emitted, helps reduce SO emissions

6.Currently, no feasible way to reduce CO emissions from coal

b.Oil

i.Formed from living organisms millions of years ago

ii.About 4 trillion barrels (4 gallons) in natural reserves; about ½ of that recoverable

1.Compare to .006 to .016 trillion barrels available in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

iii.Proven oil reserves by country

iv.Oil reserves in U.S

1.Texas, Alaska, scattered between them also

v.Predictions for worldwide oil production is to begin declining steadily within a decade

vi.Role in air pollution

c.Natural Gas

i.Consists mainly of methane (CH4); natural gas forms when organic matter decomposes during low oxygen conditions

ii.Main use

1.Primarily for heat energy

iii.CO produced compared to coal

1.When burned, CO is produced, about ½ as much CO as an equivalent amount of coal

iv.Contributes less air pollutants to the atmosphere than other types of fossil fuels

v.Distribution of proven natural gas reserves worldwide

1.Former USSR 4%

.Asia 5%

.North and Central America 8%

4.Africa 6%

5.South America 4%

6.Europe 4%

7.Oceania 1%

d.Nuclear power

i.Most common fuel source is a form of the element uranium

ii.Uranium is split which produces tremendous amounts of energy (heat)

iii.The heat produces steam (boil water), steam used to turn a turbine which generates electricity

iv.Benefits of nuclear power

1.Clean burning (no CO and minimal pollutants produced if operating properly)

v.Drawbacks of nuclear power

1.Waste disposal

.Potential accidents can occur that can result in the release of dangerous radio activity

Day 0

4-5-0

Alternative Energy I

I.Conservation of energy slowing the rate at which conventional energy supplies are exhausted

a.Energy efficiency measure of amount of energy produced compared to the amount of energy consumed

i.Maximum energy of efficiency = 100%

ii.Energy efficiencies for various energy sources

b.Ways to conserve energy

i.Drive more fuel efficient vehicles

1.Increasing fuel efficiency by 1 mile per gallon in U.S. would save amount of oil equivalent to the amount in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

ii.Use energy efficient appliances The Energy Star Program by the Environmental Protection Agency

1.In addition to conserving energy, the EPA estimates that consumers can save about $400 a year by using Energy Star products (major appliances, light bulbs, and electronics)

.WI version of the program

.For more information www.energystar.gov

iii.Other ways to conserve energy?

II.Sustainable energy advantages and disadvantages

a.Advantages

i.Renewable supplies of energy

ii.Most sustainable energy sources produce little or no pollutions or greenhouse gases

iii.Potential for energy independence

b.Disadvantages

i.Some types not practical everywhere. Why?

ii.Energy storage and transport

iii.Harmful effects on wildlife?

1.Windmill à kill birds flying into them

III.Wind energy

a.Introduction

i.Fastest growing type of energy use (5% increase per year)

ii.Windmills work by harnessing the energy of the wind to turn propeller blades; the energy is converted into electricity, which can be used to power appliances, light, etc.

iii.Wind farms often consist of hundreds or thousands of turbines

b.Current usage

i.U.S wind farms in 1 produced enough power for 45,000 homes

1.In 1 California used 14,000 wind turbines to produce electricity for about 0,000 homes

ii.Montford Wind Farm in southern WI

1.Size and electricity production

a.Consists of 0 wind turbines, enough electricity for about 6,000 homes per year

.Wisconsin Electric is one of the buyers of the electricity generated

.Annual savings in terms of pollution reduction

a.40,000 tons of CO

b.00 tons of SO

c.10 tons of NO4

c.Future of wind energy

i.The U.S Department of Energy estimates that the Great Plains could supple 48 states with 75% of their electricity

ii.Costs of wind power (per kilowatt hour) have fallen below that of coal

iii.Countries with major commitments to wind power

1.Germany, France, and Argentina are among the leading countries with major commitments to wind power

IV.Solar Energy

a.Passive heat absorption uses solar collectors to gather heat from the sun but no moving parts for its transportation

b.Active solar systems usually involve pumping fluid heated by the sun to provide heat to another area in a home or office building

i.Large scale collectors are capable of generating substantial amounts of energy

c.Growth of solar power worldwide

i.Growing 0% annually

V.Hydropower

a.How it works

i.Uses energy in moving water to turn turbines to convert the energy into electricity

ii.Most of the "sustainable" energy used in the U.S. comes from hydropower (7% electricity in U.S.)

iii.Sources of hydropower

1.Most from large dams on rivers

iv.Can control the amount of electricity generated à by controlling the amount of water backed up behind a dam

v.Environmental effects à because of its effects on rivers and wildlife and because many people can be displaced when dams are created, the creation of new hydropower facilities is generally more damaging to the environment than other ___ sustainable energy

VI.Biomass conversion

a.Similar to fossil fuels in that energy source is chemical energy in once living organisms

b.Plant biomass can be a sustainable resource

c.Most common types used are fuel wood, agricultural residues, crops grown for their energy content, and animal waste

d.Ethanol production facilities are a type of biomass conversion; the ethanol is combined with gasoline to produce "gasohol"

e.Environmental effects of burning biomass

f.Other consequences of large-scale use of biomass energy?

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Letter to Birmingham Jail

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In Martin Luther King Jr.s letter from Birmingham Jail, he explains to his

fellow colleagues in the clergy why he chooses nonviolent direct action during the

civil rights protest.

Martin Luther King Jr., the president of the Southern Lendership Order Custom Essay on Letter to Birmingham Jail

Conference was asked by an affiliate in Birmingham to be on call to engage in a

nonviolent direct action program. King complied because of the injustice and felt

it morally necessary to take part in the elimination of segregation.

Kings nonviolent campaign had four basic steps collection of the facts to

determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action.

King encouraged and participated in direct action such as sit-ins and

marches. His purpose of a direct action plan was to create a situation that is crisis-

packed and will inevitably open the door to negotiation.

King says that he does not advocate evading or defying the law. He states

that one who breaks an unjust law must do so openly , lovingly, and with a

willingness to accept penalty.

Since the negro community has been opressed, there are many pent-up

resentments and latent frustrations that need to be released. They should be

allowed to go on freedom rides and prayer pilgrims. These are nonviolent ways to

express emotion, and that should be understood. If they are not allowed to do so,

King says the demonstrators will seek expression through violence, as that is a fact

of history. To stand by and accept injustice is wrong, to fight injustice with

violence will lead to the end of segregation.

King was dedicated to his cause and he was always willing to negotiate with

officials to end segregation. During one of his marches, King was arrested and

incarcerated at the Birmingham City Jail.

Throughout his letter King makes it clear that the end of injustice for

segregated negros is with unity and fairness for all Americans, something so pure

will only be obtained peacefully. Kings insight and strong Christian belief gave

him courage and hope, that one day his dream for all will be realized.

Please note that this sample paper on Letter to Birmingham Jail is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Letter to Birmingham Jail, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Letter to Birmingham Jail will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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A Look At Life From A Transcendentalist Perspective

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Henry David Thoreau, naturalist and transcendentalist, discusses several important subjects in the self-authored book Walden. A cardinal topic that keeps repeating in the book is that of maintaining a simpler -yet superior- existence, as this quote by Thoreau illustrates "I am convinced, both by faith and experience, that to maintain ones self on this earth is not a hardship, but a pastime, if we will live simply and wisely…" This statement is quite true and, given the provisos of living, would benefit every facet of life in some way. Indeed, Thoreaus comments in the year 00 are more applicable than ever before. In support of what he says, Thoreau makes do with only the necessaries of life and receives a precious gift, time, for a simpler being. Thus, if society were to at least take note of Thoreaus suggestions, we would all be much better off.

I am in complete accord with the philosophy of obtaining a better life simply, as life has grown complex. Since man as a whole transformed into an intelligent species, life has grown more and more challenging and perplexing. At one time it was just cavemen living in simple, however cold, adobes of rock. Then came evolution, first the making of fire, and then civilization. With this power, so came more responsibility taxes, loaning, mortgage, shopping, competition, work, sacrifice, overtime, technology and more, and all in some ways necessary to survive. In the instance of mortgage, if one buys a house, then he or she has to pay completely and consistently to pay it off or said person is quite simply out of shelter, thus not meeting all of Thoreaus requirement for living food and water, clothing, fuel, and shelter. Similarly, people doing stocks on Wall Street are heavily dependant on laptop computers and cell phones. Why is this? Life has become so fast paced and hectic that they have become necessities in order to be able to do business; strip a businessman or woman of said accessories and their fragile way of life crumbles. It is no small statement that no other species on the face of the Earth has come to rival the complexity, or hardships, of human civilization.

Then again, who really wants to be entangled in the modern definition of life? Thoreaus words are prophetical in that they are truer for todays hustle and bustle than ever before. It is ironic in ways, considering his complaints were targeted at the people of his era. Nevertheless, life is hard because it is made to be so complex and frantic. Students are pushed to excel in every subject in school, when, in theory, it is completely unnecessary for a novelist to have extensive knowledge into the workings of photosynthesis, for example. If one does not excel in his or her studies, peers and parents alike tend to look down upon them. According to Thoreau, people slave away to get the big bucks, a big house, and lots of stuff. It is safe to say that most upper class folk probably enjoy those things, but they most likely face many hardships in order to maintain their way of life. For example, it takes times to make the money to pay for the stuff; a big house requires the payment of a big mortgage; and in the end, it takes constant, nonstop work to maintain this style of living; for what? To impress the neighbors who got a Lincoln Navigator by buying a Hummer ? It is much more practical to acquire a smaller, but more cost effective vehicle; Thoreau believes you would get the last laugh in the end as the neighbors will still be paying the mortgage when you finally own your vehicle. Granted, the neighborhood will not be envious, but you will not have to work that extra week that you planned to go on a vacation on. And that is the core of Thoreaus ideology simpler is better, both in terms of resources and time.

Thoreau backed up his words by proving that one can live at a bare minimum level and still enjoy a grandiose life. While what he did may not be extravagant, Thoreau was a naturalist after all, and while there is no argument that he lived in a manner completely opposite of the wealthy, it made him happy and he received a precious gift for his sacrifice. With his forfeit of luxuries, he needed not to worry about time, for he had to work only six weeks in a year to be able to maintain his existence near Walden Pond in his log cabin. Was he a Harvard graduate? Yes. Could he have become a wealthy pencil maker by inheriting his fathers pencil factory? Yes. Simply put, none of this interested him and he sought something else, something simpler that is, being in contact with nature and working basically to maintain a life, then spending the rest of the time in enjoying life. While it is unrealistic to recreate such a polar way of life today, Thoreaus paradigms demonstrate that the extras in life can be forsaken and life can still be enjoyable. As mentioned, why do you need to impress and surpass your neighbors? Live for yourself and not for anyone else. Nevertheless, Thoreau is not forcing anyone to adhere to what he says; he is simply trying to give good advice. If you want to compete, show off, and be rich and famous, then you have the ability and the absolute right; the only thing Thoreau is saying is that the it must be taken into account that life is forfeit for the luxuries that human beings inherently envy.Custom writing service can write essays on A Look At Life From A Transcendentalist Perspective

In all, human society is stuck in the proverbial rut, forever repeating its mistakes and foolishly attempting to accomplish a so called worthy existence, not knowing that there are other, better alternatives. The fact of the matter is that Thoreau is completely accurate that living simply and wisely can better affect life. If people relinquish their lives to work in order to achieve and maintain a higher-class existence, then they must have a purpose. However, the purpose, to Thoreau is foolish and it is much better to have less, but be happy. Time is the crucial element one can reap by listening to Thoreau, and is one thing in terribly short supply in this day and age. That is not to say Thoreau is forcing anyone to do what he is suggesting and, in fact, he makes it clear that he just wants to make it known to the people that there is another way. In short, a simple equation shows the two option available to us work more to get more stuff and be unhappy, or work less, get more time and be happy.

Please note that this sample paper on A Look At Life From A Transcendentalist Perspective is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on A Look At Life From A Transcendentalist Perspective, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on A Look At Life From A Transcendentalist Perspective will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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