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Al Capone
Gabriele Capone was one of the many Italians who arrived in the United States in 184. He was a barber by trade, and hoped to arrive here and open a barbershop. Gabriele brought with him his twenty-seven year old wife, his two-year-old son, and his infant son. The Capone family moved to Brooklyn into a flat that had no indoor toilet or furnishings. Gabrieles ability to read and write allowed him to get a job in a grocery store. His wife took in sewing at home to add to their income. She already had three sons, and the fourth, conceived and born in America, was born on January 17, 18. His name was Alphonse.
The Capones were a quiet, conventional family. They never hit their children; they talked to them, and preached to them, they listened to their parents. Nothing about the Capones were violent or dishonest. They were law-abiding, unremarkable Italian-Americans. Shortly after Al was born, Gabriele moved the family to a better home over his new barber shop. Moving into a broader ethnic universe allowed Al to escape the solidly Italian neighborhood. This exposure would help him create his future criminal empire. The neighborhood where Al lived his first ten years were harsh. In 104, at the age of five, Al started school. He was soon kicked out. At the age of 14, while in the sixth grade, he was thrown out of school for throwing a female teacher to the ground. About this time, the family moved to yet another home. This move would have a lasting impact on him. It would be here that he would meet the people who would have the most influence on his future, his soon to be wife Mae and Johnny Torrio.
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Johnny Torrio was a new breed of gangster. From Torrio, a young Capone learned invaluable lessons that were the foundation of the empire he later built. Torrio was a role model for many boys. He often paid young boys to run errands for him. Over time, Torrio came to trust Al Capone, and gave him more to do than just run errands. However, in 10 Torrio moved to Chicago and young Al fell under other influences. His relationship with Johnny Torrio was no indication that he would lead such a criminal life. He was still actually doing quite well. The only disruption in his life was when his oldest brother left the family, and moved away on his own. At this point, no one would have guessed the life Capone was about to choose.
So, how did Al Capone turn into the successful and violent gangster? The answer is Frankie Yale. Yale was a tough guy who built his empire on muscle and aggression. He opened a bar, and at the recommendation of Johnny Torrio, hired eighteen-year-old Al Capone. Capone was hired to serve as bartender, bouncer, and waiter. He became popular with the customers right away. One evening, however, he insulted a young lady. The man with her, her brother, got up and pulled out a knife. The man was Frank Gallucio. He cut Capones face three times before he and his sister ran from the restaurant. His scars would last a lifetime, giving him the name 'Scarface Al Capone. Capone was forced to apologize to Gallucio. At that point Yale took Capone under his wing. He was a resourceful, but violent man. As powerful of an influence as Yale was, there were other influences. At the age of nineteen, he met a pretty blond girl named Mae. Her family loved Al, and encouraged their relationship. They married after they had a child together in 118. It would be his only child, and he cherished this child always.
With a wife and baby to support, Al focused on a legitimate career. He worked as a bookkeeper for quite some time. But, on November 14, 10 Capones father died at the age of fifty-five. That seems to have marked the end of Capones legitimate career. At that point Capone resumed his relationship with Torrio who was residing in Chicago. Torrio invited Capone to join him, and in early 11, he did just that. When Capone arrived, brothels were becoming the main income for organized crime. The head of these businesses was "Big Jim" Colosimo. Big Jim brought Torrio in on the deal, and their empire grew tremendously. The downfall of Colosimo was a young singer. He divorced his wife and married the young lady soon after. This is when Yale decided to take over. On May 11, 10, Yale assassinated Big Jim in his nightclub. Eventually, the police figured out who the killer was, and he was arrested. Yale avoided prosecution, but didnt get what he came for. Torrio was now in total control of the multimillion-dollar business. It was then that Torrio brought twenty-two year old Al Capone from his bookkeeping job. By now Capone turned his back on any honest career for the rest of his life. Al soon became friends with a Jewish-Orthodox man named Jack Guzik. Capones alliances outside of the 'Italian community would pay off.
Shortly after opening up a new brothel, Torrio took his mother back to Italy, and left the brothel in the hands of Capone. Capone began taking over the city. Then, tragedy struck. Police in unmarked cars killed Capones brother. They claimed self-defense, as he had a gun. The same cops that killed his brother showed up at the funeral. Capone was outraged, but he kept his temper under control, for only a few weeks. That is when Joe Howard assaulted Capones friend, Guzik. He told Capone, and Capone tracked him down at a bar and shot him dead. Capone got away with the murder. What he also got was publicity. He loved to be the center of attention. Four years after arriving in Chicago, Capone was wealthy, powerful, and a target for law enforcement and rival gangs. While Capones name was linked with numerous murders, there were other gangsters responsible, gangsters that he and Torrio tried to keep in line. Capone once quoted that "they have him responsible for every death not related to the World War". One gangster, Dion OBanion, had a real problem. He would gun down people for no reason. One man was gunned downed after leaving one of Capones brothels. This is when they realized that something was going to have to happen. Soon after, Mike Merlo, the head of the Sicilian Union, died of cancer. On November 10, 14 OBanion was in his shop fixing flowers for Merlos funeral. He greeted the men who came in to pick them up. They knocked him down and then shot him dead. It has always been suspected that Yale was involved. Capone and Torrio watched constantly for OBanions men, Hymie Weiss and Bugs Moran. Torrio became so scared that he left Chicago. Over the next two years, OBanions men would attempt to assassinate Capone some twenty times. In January of 15, Torrio came back. He and his wife had just returned home when Weiss and Moran jumped out of a car. They shot Torrio in the chest, neck, arms, and stomach. Moran held a gun to his head, the gun was out of bullets, and Torrio survived. Capone again took over while Torrio was hospitalized. One month later Torrio showed up in court to plead guilty on charges related to a past issue. He was given a nine-month jail sentence. He called Capone and told him he was retiring in March of 15. He turned over all of his assets to Capone. Capone was now on top of the world. He was the largest force in the underworld. In December of that same year, he took his son to New York. He used this visit to transact some business with Yale. They worked out a whiskey running deal. He then invited Capone to a party at the Adonis, a speakeasy in Brooklyn. Yale received word that rival gangs would be there, and was going to call the party off. The party didnt get called off, and Capone had a surprise of his own. When rival gangs showed up at the brothel, they didnt even have time to draw their guns. They were all dead.
In early 16, Capone ran into some bad luck. In April, Billy McSwiggin, the prosecutor who tried to pin the death of Joe Howard on Capone, went out with a bootlegger named Jim Doherty. Doherty had some car trouble and they hitched a ride with another bootlegger, a man named "Klondike". "Klondike" was an enemy of Capones, and not realizing that McSwiggin was with him, gunned them down outside a bar. Capone was blamed, and the police raided and burned many of his brothels and clubs. Capone went into hiding, and considered retirement. On July 8, 16 Capone faced accusations of murder. The police didnt have sufficient evidence, and once again Capone was a free man. Capone decided to hold a conference where he encouraged gangsters and bootleggers to tone down their violence. He stated "there was enough business for everyone without having to kill each other". For several months following, there were no murders connected with bootlegging or gangsters.
In May of 17, the United States Supreme Court decided that a bootlegger had to report and pay income taxes on all of his illegal business earnings. With this ruling, the Special Intelligence Unit of the IRS was able to go after Al Capone. With this, Capone moved to Miami and bought a fourteen-room estate in Palm Island. The Palm Island estate came to the attention of the IRS. His wife spent that year on a decorating spree, while Al tried to establish himself as a good citizen in Miami. However, Capone was secretly making plans to solve problems that continued to be created by Yale. On July 1, 18, Yale was at a speakeasy when he received a phone call. He ran outside to check his car and he was riddled with bullets, and nailed to the seat with a tommy gun. Bugs Moran was still an issue. Capones friend, McGurn, paid a visit to Capone that winter to discuss the problems with Bugs Moran and his people. McGurn came up with a plan. The plan was to take place on February 14, 1. He had a bootlegger lure Moran and his men to a garage to discuss a whiskey deal. McGurns men would be waiting there dressed as police. McGurns men went to into the garage and found seven men. They did as they were told and lined up against the wall. They were shot to death with machine guns and sawed off shotguns. One man survived. Gusenberg, still alive and in true gangster fashion, refused to talk to authorities. He died several hours later. The plan seemed to work, with one minor flaw. Moran wasnt there. He arrived late, seen the "police" and left. No one was ever brought to justice for what soon became known as the St. Valentines Day Massacre.
In March of 1, President Hoover sent out "all of his men". He wanted Capone in jail. A few days later Capone was facing the grand jury. Hoover charged Elliot Ness with assembling a team of agents to gather evidence against Capone. In May of 1 Capone went to a conference with gangsters from around the country, to talk about cooperation. After the conference he went to a movie, and on his way out was confronted by detectives, arrested, and imprisoned for carrying a concealed weapon. He was sent to jail where he stayed until March 16, 10. He was released early on good behavior. Soon after his release Hoover compiled a list of the FBIs "Most Wanted". Capone topped the list, he was humiliated and enraged. In late 10, Capone opened soup kitchens as a campaign to prove he was not the evil man he was made out to be. It was too late. The government was closing in on him. On March 1, 11 he was brought in front of the grand jury once again. The jury ruled indicted Capone on twenty-two counts of tax evasion, and five thousand violations of the Volstead Act. The government was going for thirty-four years in jail. A term of two to five years was recommended. On October 6, 11 detectives escorted Capone to the Federal Court Building. On October 17, 11 after nine hours of deliberation, Capone was sentenced to eleven years in prison, $50,000.00 in fines, and $0,000.00 in court costs. Capone was initially sent to The United States Penitentiary in Atlanta. He became famous even in prison. He lived better than everyone else there. He had taken with him several thousand dollars in cash, and was able to get the best of treatment because of it. In 14 Alcatraz Island Prison was set up to house only the most dangerous criminals with the most evil minds. Capone was sent there in August of that year to finish out his sentence. Letters were censored, only immediate family could visit, and his money was getting him nothing.
He was getting along better than most thought he would, with the exception of his health. Capone contracted syphilis as a very young man, and it moved into the stage of neurosyphilis. By 18 he was confused and disoriented and sent to a prison hospital to serve the rest of his sentence. His sentence was reduced to six years and five months for good behavior and work credits he earned while at the hospital. He was released in November of 1 and taken to a Baltimore hospital for treatment until March of 140. His wife Mae took care of him for the remainder of his short life. Capone slowly deteriorated in the peace of his Palm Island estate. Capone died of cardiac arrest on January 5, 147.
In his forty-eight years, Capone left his mark of Chicago, and made a fortune doing it. His fame should have been a passing sensation, but instead it lodged permanently in the consciousness of Americans. Capone remains one of the most famous gangsters of all times. Capone captured and held the attention of Americans for his life in its entirety.
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